No abstract

Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia describes both external and internal uses of various parts of the Danti (Baliospermum montanum Willd.) in multi dosage forms to combat different disease conditions. Single-handed information regarding the exclusive external usage of Danti upon various anomalies is not available till now. Hence, an attempt has been made to gather information pertaining to external usage of the drug Danti from different classical texts consisting of treatise and compendia. In this study, sixty Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia consisting of treatise and compendia were scrutinized and external applications of Danti were compiled and presented in systemic manner. Evidence based researches carried out till date on Baliospermum montanum were collected from various research journals and web based search engines. This review depicts that about 132 formulations, containing Danti as an ingredient, found to be indicated in almost 28 varied diseased conditions. Among these, Danti has been included as major content in 30 formulations. As regards to dosage forms, Kalka (paste) counts for 38, followed by taila (oil) 36 and gutika (tablet) 49. Findings of the present study may enrich the present knowledge on classical external uses of Danti, as an ingredient, in various formulations and may provide an opportunity to researchers to revalidate all these evidences scientifically.

Objective: To establish a noticeable and a justifiable identification system to assess the impact of shodhana (processing) on various levels of Baliospermum montanum (Danti) root samples obtained through shodhana (processing technique) in quality agreement based on near-infrared-spectroscopy.Methods: Authenticated raw Danti (R. D) root and various Danti root samples obtained after shodhana (processing) such as water processed Danti root (WPDR), Kusha processed Danti root (KPDR) and classical processed Danti root (CPDR), were dried, pulverized and shifted through eighty meshes. The samples were subjected to NIR spectral detection from 750 to 2500 nm at the interval of 1 nm. The multivariate analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) analyzed with the help of Unscrambler and Matlab software.Results: Direct spectral analysis indicated the existence of significant numerical and graphical differences between Danti root samples containing different treatments during processing in respect to CH, OH and NH functional groups. The multivariate PCA algorithom plot allowed a clear segregation of the Danti root samples after various data preprocessing technique onto the hotelling T2 95% confidence limit for principal component 1 and 2. The cluster analysis had shown the extra information on the metabolite profiling of the complex purificatory environment. Conclusion:The present study demonstrates a generic, non-destructive solution to discriminate qualitatively in the sample matrix all the differently pretreated samples in favor of the NIR-sensitive functional group.

Introduction: Danti, Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh [Syn. Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg], of family Euphorbiaceae is an important herbal drug in the Ayurveda pharmacopoeia of India. In Ayurveda, Samskara (processing) has been shown to increase the efficacy of various drugs. Shodhana (purificatory measures/processing) is one of the steps involved in Samskara. The Charaka samhita describes the Shodhana (processing) of Danti by applying the fruit powder of Pippali (Piper longum L.) along with honey, wrapping it with Kusha (Desmostachya bippinnata Stapf.), and then fomenting it. The root thus obtained is dried under sunrays and then stored for further use. The exact pharmacognostical changes that transpire through Samskara (classical processing technique) remain to be explored scientifically. Hence, an attempt has been made to evaluate the pharmacognostical changes in Danti root, including its powder microscopy.

In this work we perform a comparative study of the Kantowski-Sachs (KS) and Bianchi-I anisotropic universes with Modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) as matter source. We obtain the volume and scale factors as solutions to the Einstein Field Equations (EFEs) for the anisotropic universes, and check whether the initial anisotropy is washed out or not for different values of the MCG parameters present in the solution by obtaining the anisotropy parameters for each solution. The deceleration parameter is also obtained for each solution, the significance of which is discussed in the concluding section. Interestingly there are a number of notable results that appear from our study which help us to compare and contrast the two different anisotropic models along with proper understanding of the role of MCG as matter source in these models.