Authors' Contribution NS conceived the idea of study. AS and SH performed experimental work. AS wrote the manuscript. NM and LA helped in data collection and writing of the manuscript. SA proofread the article.

Any adverse event that occurs during or after transfusion for which no other cause can be established is labeled as a transfusion reaction. Since the advancements in screening tests for infectious diseases, non-infectious transfusion reactions are on the rise. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of transfusion reactions and to do an audit of reaction reporting. It was a retrospective study done from 1st December 2014 to 31st December 2015 at The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore Punjab. The data was retrieved from blood bank records. 22 transfusion reactions were reported, out of which the most common reaction was febrile non haemolytic transfusion reaction. Only one haemolytic transfusion reaction was seen. Among the blood components, most reactions were seen with packed red blood cells. In 90% of cases completely filled reporting forms were received, in 86% of cases post reaction EDTA samples were received, and in only 50% cases urine samples were received in blood bank. Pyrexia was the most frequent symptom in recipients. Re-audit will be done next year. Guidelines need to be followed and updated.

The participation of women in blood donation process has been scarce equallyin low & high resourced countries. Every year 3.5 million blood donations are collected inPakistan with very little percentage of females donating blood. Objective: The objective of thestudy was to assess the knowledge, attitude and beliefs of female attendants accompanyingthe patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The Children’s Hospital & Instituteof Child Health, Lahore, regarding blood donation. Period: 1st June to 31st December, 2015.Material & Methods: 306 females of age 16-50 years accompanying a patient in the hospitalwere randomly selected. After taking informed consent, a self-designed questionnaire validatedby Kappa Statistics program was distributed to the participants. Data was analyzed by usingSPSS 22. Results: The mean age of female attendants was 29.57 years. 31.7% had neverreceived any education. Only 12.7% had donated blood before. 93.8% had the idea that ablood transfusion is a lifesaving procedure but only half of them knew the common bloodgroups. 87.3% knew that both males and females can donate blood but 75.5% thought thatmales are better donors than females. There was a lack of knowledge about certain importantfacts including transfusion transmissible infections, donation frequency, duration and volumeof blood collected during a single session. Majority females were of the view that they are toofragile to donate blood and severe and prolonged anemia can develop after donating blood.Conclusion: There is a need to develop effective interventions for the education & motivationof potential female donors towards blood donation in order to increase the donor turnover rate.