Wet salting of low-fat yellowtail (Trachurus rnccuffochi Nichols) using three brine solutions (15%, 21 ' YO and saturated salt) and drying of salted fish at 35°C and 50% RH, 45°C and 30% RH, or 55°C and 18% RH was carried out and assessments made of salt and moisture contents, water activity ( a w ) , and sensory properties of dried-salted fish. Brine concentration during salting and the drying conditions had a significant effect on the drying rate. Brining in saturated brine gave the most rapid rate of reduction in moisture content and the lowest final moisture content during brining, but produced a slower rate of reduction of moisture and higher final moisture content during drying. Fish brined in saturated salt and dried at 55°C was of lower sensory quality.
Red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) is one type of algae that produced carrageenan. Carrageenan can be used as a stabilizer, thickening agent, gelling agent, emulsifier, coagulant agents, colloid protective agents, and crystallization-preventing agents. This property is widely used in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, paint, toothpaste and other industries. This research aims to determine the yield of semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) and to compare the quality of red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) prepared by two difference methods i.e. sun drying and artificial drying with various drying time (12h, 24h, or 40h). The results showed that the yield of semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) dried with artificial dryer (56%) was not within the required of Indonesian national standard for carrageenan. Also, results indicated that the lowest fat content 0.2% was achieved after 12h drying period with cabinet dryer whilst the lowest moisture content was prepared by drying seaweed for 40h under the sun. Keyword: red seaweed, semi-refined carrageenan, cabinet dryer. Rumput laut merah (Kappaphycus alvarezii) merupakan salah satu jenis rumput laut penghasil karaginan, Karaginan sangat penting peranannya sebagai stabilisator (pengatur keseimbangan), thickener (bahan pengental), pembentuk gel, pengemulsi, koloid pelindung, penggumpal dan pencegah kristalisasi. Sifat ini sangat dimanfaatkan dalam industri makanan, obat-obatan, kosmetik, tekstil, cat, pasta gigi dan industri lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari serta mengetahui perbedaan kualitas dari rumput laut merah yang dikeringkan dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu pengeringan dengan sinar matahari dan pengeringan dengan alat pengering buatan (cabinet dryer), serta rendemen semi refined-carrageenan (SRC). Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas karaginan yang terbaik yang dikeringkan pada perlakuan B1 (cabinet dryer) selama 12 jam dimana kadar lemak yaitu 0,2 %, serat kasar tertinggi yaitu 6.5 % pada perlakuan A1 (sinar matahari) selama 24 jam (08.00–12.00), karbohidrat tertinggi yaitu 14,72%, pada perlakuan A1(sinar matahari) selama 24 jam (08.00–12.00), kadar air terendah pada perlakuan A1 (sinar matahari) selama 40 jam (12.00–16.00) yaitu 10,75%, kadar lemak terendah terdapat pada perlakuan B1 (cabinet dryer) selama 24 jam yaitu 0,22%. Rendemen SRC yang dikeringkan dengan alat pengering buatan cabinet dryer yaitu 56%. Kata Kunci: Rumput laut merah, semi-refined carrageenan, cabinet dryer.
Dried smoked skipjack or better known as Katsuo-bushi is a popular type of smoked fish in Japan. It has a distinctive flavor and widely used in traditional Japanese cuisine. The weakness of commercial Katsuo-bushi nowadays is the high content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) (may exceed 10 ppb). Recent study examined the low PAH Katsuo-bushi product made with liquid smoke. However, the sensory acceptance of this product has not been determined yet. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of liquid smoke concentration (1%, 2% and 3%) and soaking time (10, 20 and 30 min) on the sensory quality of Katsuo-bushi. Duo-trio method was used for sensory evaluation. Additional chemical analysis such as moisture content and pH were performed. Significant differences were found among liquid smoke Katsuo-bushi product compare to traditional Katsuo-bushi (P<0.1). Also, it is suggested that the longer the soaking time, the higher the moisture content and pH value. Keyword: Katsuo-bushi, liquid smoke, Duo trio method. Ikan kayu atau lebih dikenal dengan Katsuo-bushi adalah sejenis ikan asap yang telah lama dikenal dan memiliki flavor yang khas yang biasanya digunakan pada masakan tradisional di Jepang. Kelemahan ikan kayu yang ada di dunia dewasa ini adalah tingginya kandungan Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) yang melebihi 10 ppb. Penelitian terkini (Berhimpon, dkk 2016) meneliti ikan kayu asap cair yang rendah PAH, tetapi belum diteliti tingkat kesukaan secara organoleptik. Penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan ikan kayu asap cair yang rendah PAH tetapi disukai oleh konsumen. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi asap cair dan lama perendaman terhadap mutu organoleptik ikan kayu asap cair yang dibuat dengan berbagai konsentrasi dan lama perendaman, dan dibandingkan dengan ikan kayu konvensional. Parameter pengamatan ialah analisa organoleptik dengan metode duo trio (Berhimpon, dkk. 2005), analisa kadar air dan pH (AOAC, 2005). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan kayu yang direndam dalam asap cair dengan konsentrasi 2% dan 3% masing-masing selama 30 dan 10 menit berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,1) dengan ikan kayu konvensional. Sedangkan perlakuan yang lain sama dengan ikan kayu konvensional. Untuk analisa kadar air dan pH menunjukkan bahwa lama perendaman memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap nilai kadar air dan pH dari ikan kayu asap cair, dimana semakin lama waktu perendaman dalam larutan asap cair maka semakin tinggi kadar air dan pH dari ikan kayu tersebut. Kata Kunci: Ikan kayu (Katsuo-bushi), asap cair, metode duo trio.
Wooden fish, better known as Katsuo-bushi, which is done in stages. Wood fish has a weight around 20–30% of raw materials with a moisture content of 15–17% because it experiences fumigation/drying. The problem for products that are smoked long (Hard Smoking) is the content of carcinogens which also settles on fish is quite high, therefore fumigation technology with liquid smoke become an alternative in wood fish processing to minimize the content of carcinogens. The purpose of this study is to determine the isotherm of water sorption in wood fish (Katsuo-bushi) which is made with different concentrations of liquid smoke and soaking time. Method used in this study the method of analysis, water content, ph analysis method and Isothermic sorption (ISA) analysis method.Keyword: Isotherm sorpsi water (ISA) Katsuo-bushi, liquid smoke. Ikan kayu atau lebih dikenal dengan Katsuo-bushi termasuk dalam produk olahan pengasapan, yang dilakukan secara bertahap. Ikan kayu memiliki berat sekitar 20–30% dari bahan baku, dengan kadar air 15–17% karena mengalami proses pengasapan/pengeringan. Masalah bagi produk yang diasapi lama (Hard Smoking) adalah kandungan senyawa karsinogen yang ikut mengendap pada ikan cukup tinggi. Karena itu teknologi pengasapan dengan asap cair menjadi alternatif dalam pengolahan ikan kayu untuk meminimalisir kandungan senyawa karsinogen. Pengolahan ikan kayu menggunakan asap cair memiliki beberapa kelebihan yaitu rendah kandungan PAH (<25ppb), ramah lingkungan karena tidak ada polusi udara, dan hemat bahan bakar kayu, serta waktu pengolahan singkat. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisa kadar air (AOAC, 2005) metode analisa pH (AOAC, 2005) dan metode analisa isotermi sorpsi air. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ISA ikan kayu asap cair mendapatkan model kurva ISA tipe 1 dengan persamaan nilai Henderson 4,915 yang sangat tepat sedangkan untuk persamaan Hasley 6,522 yang agak tepat. Persamaan Oswin, Caurie, dan Chen Clayton memiliki model persamaan yang tidak tepat karena lebih dari angka 10. Hasil yang didapatkan berbeda dari penelitian sebelumnya serta mempunyai perbedaan konsentrasi asap cair dan lama perendaman yang berbeda, karena penelitian sebelumnya mendapatkan nilai MRD Oswin16,44 yang sangat tepat.Kata kunci: isotermi sorpsi air (ISA), ikan kayu, asap cair.
Pathogenic bacteria were analyzed using the most probable (MPN) method, and histamine level was analyzed using spectrofluorometer. The best liquid smoke concentration was determined using a sensory hedonic test including smell, taste and texture. In addition, water content and pH were also analysed. Concentration of liquid smoke varied between 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2%. The best concentration of liquid smoke was 1%. Fresh fillet dipped in 1% liquid smoke showed significantly decreased total plate count (TPC), from 4.1 x 103 CFU/g in fresh fillet to 7.4 x 102 CFU/g in fillet dipped for 20 minutes. Analysis of pathogenic bacteria showed a positive result in fresh fillet, and a negative result in fillets dipped in 1% liquid smoke, after 2 days of incubation at 30°C. Analysis of anti-pathogenic bacteria showed the positive results in fresh fillet, and negative result fillets dipped in 1% liquid smoke. Further analysis of histamine content also supports our finding, in which the level of histamine goes down from 19.55 to 18.56 when dipped in 1% liquid smoke solution for 20 minutes. The results indicated that dipping fillet in liquid smoke is a very effective treatment to prevent pathogenic bacteria and histamine forming bacteria.
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