Penerjemahan teks dari satu bahasa ke bahasa lain adalah praktek yang lazim ditemui dalam berbagai konteks wacana, baik yang bersifat akademik, non-akademik, formal maupun nonformal. Namun demikian, dalam teks target hasil terjemahan seringkali terdapat masalah ketidaksetaraan pada tingkat kata ataupun pada tingkat tekstual. Penelitian ini adalah kajian pustaka yang bertujuan untuk mengungkap masalah-masalah ketidaksetaraan dalam alih bahasa dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Sumber data, yaitu  Dalih Pembunuhan Massal: Gerakan 30 September dan Kudeta Suharto yang merupakan alih bahasa oleh John Roosa dari dokumen bahasa Inggris Pretext for Mass Murder: The September 30th Movement and Suharto’s Coup d’État in Indonesia. Data ketidaksetaraan terjemahan diidentifikasi, diklasifikasikan, dan dianalisis berdasarkan teori Category Shift oleh Catford (1965). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa masalah ketidaksetaraan dalam empat pergeseran kategori menurut teori Catford, yaitu pergeseran struktur, pergeseran jenis kata, pergeseran tingkat, dan pergeseran intrasistem. Pergeseran struktur merupakan kasus yang paling banyak terjadi.

Listening skill in English is one of the most important skills in communication and educational process. However, listening skill is a skill that is not easily mastered by all non-native speaker students. The students need to know and understand the difficulties in listening process. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the difficulties faced by the students dealing with listening comprehension. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with case study approach that examines six students in third semester of the English education study program in Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi with three different proficiency levels: low, moderate, and high level. The results of this study showed that students with low level faced difficulties with unfamiliar words (message content), speed of speech (speaker), and lack of vocabulary (listener). Then in moderate level students felt difficult in the speed of speech (speaker) and noises (physical settings). Meanwhile, students with high level faced difficulty with the long spoken text (message content), variety of accents (speaker) and noises (physical settings). It can be concluded that the listening comprehension difficulties encountered by the students at tertiary level are different depending on their proficiency in English. Therefore, the implication of the current study is that the lecturer need to consider the information revealed in this study in order to be able to overcome the difficulties faced by the students.

The work of translation is not a matter of only transferring words from one language to another. It is a communication bridge through which a translator must pick up and carry the message of the whole text that the writer is trying to communicate in the given situation of the source-text readers and deliver it to the target-text readers in their adopted and adapted situation. This is the point at which a translator often misses what is in the writer’s mind because s/he is unable to get into the writer’s mind to reveal the hidden message. As a result, the way the readers of the target text think and feel about what they read is often not the same as the way the readers of the source text do. This paper is aimed at finding out problems related to non-equivalence from the word level to the pragmatic level based on Baker’s that may be found in a literary translation of the first chapter of Pena Beracun by Suwarni A.S from Agatha Christie’s novel ‘The Moving Finger” and discusses the translator’s choices of the target text equivalence for the source text. The method of this study is a library research. The data was collected from two sources: Pena Beracun, an Indonesian translation of ‘The Moving Finger’ by Agatha Christie and its original English novel. The data collection technique was done by comparing the two sources to find non-equivalence problems from the word level to the textual level.  The problem(s) in the translator’s choice of TL equivalence for SL, which may range from choosing the equivalence at word level to the choice of textual equivalence was identified and discussed by referring to the strategies as proposed by Baker (2011).  Lots of cases of non-equivalence problems are found in the translation of the first chapter Pena Beracun by Suwarni A.S from Agatha Christie’s novel ‘The Moving Finger’ which range from non-equivalence at word level to textual level. Most of the problems of non-equivalence are related to collocation and fixed expressions. The translator’s strategies to overcome the problems are directed more to the acceptability and naturalness in the target language, giving style to the literary use of language.

Kompetensi gramatikal anak umur 3,6 tahun: Studi kasus. Pemerolehan tata bahasa anak tidak selalu mulus tanpa kesalahan. Sangat sering anak-anak menghasilkan ucapan yang tidak ditemukan dalam ucapan orang dewasa dan dianggap sebagai kesalahan. Kesalahan ini sering tidak dapat diperbaiki, yaitu, anak-anak terus mengulangi kesalahan yang sama meskipun koreksi oleh orang dewasa berulang kali diberikan. Penelitian tentang kompetensi gramatikal anak selama ini difokuskan pada jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan anak. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kompetensi gramatikal seorang anak laki-laki berusia 3;6 tahun dengan berfokus pada jenis kalimat yang dia sudah dapat produksi dan mendeskripsikan seperti apa kalimat tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa empat jenis  kalimat terjadi sepanjang ucapan yang diproduksi anak dan sebagian besar berstruktur pernyataan dengan mengubah pola intonasi.