We
have fabricated an eco-friendly, affordable, and recyclable
heat-releasing chemical bag (hence forth termed as hand warmers),
which melts when exposed to solar radiation and can be suitable for
warming the hands and feet of mountain dwellers, hikers, and motorbike/vehicle
riders during winter. Our hand warmer uses sodium acetate trihydrate
(CH3COONa·3H2O, SAT)-based composites consisting
of a suitable photothermal-responsive additive to shorten the melting
time of the hand warmer for practical applications. Under simulated
solar radiation, activated charcoal powder, graphite powder, graphene
flakes, and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) were tested as photothermal-responsive
additives, which reduced the melting time of the hand warmer by a
factor of 0.68, 0.65, 0.63, and 0.57 respectively, when compared to
the sample without any additives. Moreover, the stability of the hand
warmer was maintained for two–three months (at which point
the samples were deliberately discharged) by incorporating 9 mL of
extra water (8% wt) in the SAT composites, which demonstrates the
long-term heat storage capacity of the hand warmer.
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