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Sericulture is a distinctive field of agriculture in which silkworms, Bombyx mori (Bombycidae: Lepidoptera), are reared on wide range for commercial purpose. Silkworm is susceptible to various pathogenic diseases. Among the all bacterial diseases of B. mori, flacherie is injurious disease that is initiated by entomopathogenic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis var. sotto (Bts). The impact of this infectious disease is weight loss, reduction in cocoon quality as well as quantity and source of infestation for healthy larva. In current study, the 3 rd instar larva of B. mori were fed on the leaves of Morus alba treated with B. thuringiensis until the start of 5 th instar and the Total Haemocyte Count (THC) of the Bts infected silkworm's haemolymph were counted. The findings of current research showed that THC was significantly increased at 1 st and 2 nd day i.e., 5128/ml and 5704/ml as compared to control 3047/ml, respectively. Afterwards, THC were rapidly decreased and THC were recorded 1928/ml (3 rd day) and 344/ml (4 th day). The results also exhibited the morphological changes of silkworm i.e., infected larva fully filled with B. thuringiensis spores with flaccid body and haemolymph liquid impelled leading to mortality. Provide the required temperature and humidity with appropriate hygienic condition to B. mori are advised to produce healthy silk.

According to World Health Organization (WHO) Worldwide, at least 2.8 million people die each year as a result of being overweight or obese. Lifestyle transition and socio-economic improvement have contributed enormously to the escalating problem of overweight and obesity among children in developing countries [1]. India ranks 15th position in female obesity and Andhra Pradesh ranks 10th position in India, with morbid obesity affecting 5% of the country's population [2]. Indians are abstract Aim: The present study is undertaken to find out if obesity especially, visceral fat has any correlation with cardiovascular sympathetic activity in female undergraduate medical students.Materials and methods: 24 females with mean age of 20 ± 2 of same community participated in the study. They were divided into 2 groups: Group I-Normal (BMI < 25), Group II -Obese (BMI > 30). Group II was again divided in to two subgroups, with normal visceral fat (VF), with increased visceral fat (>10). Visceral fat, BMI and resting metabolism were measured using OMRON HBF -362. Base line systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. Sympathetic nerve activity was assessed using hand grip dynamometer, 30% of T max was calculated and simultaneously BP changes were monitored.Results: Results were assessed using 't' test. A statistically significant difference (< 0.05) was observed in resting metabolism, baseline SBP, DBP and sympathetic activity between normal and obese groups. Baseline SBP varied significantly with visceral fat within the obese group. Conclusion:The present study shows obesity increases sympathetic activity and visceral fat plays an important role in regulation of baseline BP, especially SBP even in young girls.

In this study the response and feedback from the flood-hit community of Phalia (Mandi Bahauddin) obtained through local interviews and filling of questionnaires have been analyzed. Secondary data were obtained from Pakistan meteorological and local revenue departments were also statistically analyzed. Several types of damages including houses, crops, diseases, economic loss, and livestock have been considered. Pre- and Post-flood changes in the landuse, by high resolution satellite data (Landsat 8 OLI) delineated coverage of inundation of 186.85 km2 area. It has been demonstrated that Phalia tehsil was severely damaged in 2014 rainfall induced flood in Chenab river which left lasting impacts on the socio-economic lives of local communities. The major damages experienced by the people of the study area included; house damages, crop damages, diseases, economic losses and livestock damages. It is necessary that government revises the flood prevention policies based on the community response to mitigate the disaster