Objective MicroRNAs are known to regulate 60% of genes at post translational level. MicroRNAs including Micro RNA-29 family play a vital role in cellular activities and have validate role in numerous metabolic disorders inclusive of diabetes mellitus and its complications. While micro RNA profile changes years before the occurrence of disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted in non-diabetic adults of diabetic and non-diabetic parents to explore the early changes in expression of micro RNA-29 family as it can be served as early biomarker of type 2 diabetes in non-diabetic adults. This study was conducted from January 2019 to January 2021. Micro RNA was extracted from plasma of 50 participants and expression was compared through qPCR. While data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.0. Results 29a and 29b had lower expression in participants with family history of DM compared to those having no family history of DM (P < 0.0001). While micro RNA 29c was found to be significantly higher in participants with positive family history of type 2 diabetes as compared to those without family history of diabetes (P = 0.001).

Objective: To evaluate the gender based comparison of blood pressure and heart rate in adolescent population. Study Design: Comparative Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Physiology, Baqai Medical University. Period: 15 February to 15 August in 2017. Material & Methods: A total of 500 student of MBBS, BDS and DPT of Baqai medical university were enrolled in this study by non-probabilty, purposive sampling, after taking ethical approval. Blood pressure was measured by using stethoscope and mercury sphygmomanometer, which is applied to the arm. Heart rate is measured by palpating the radial artery. This collected data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22.0.This data of male and female adolescents were analyzed separately due to autonomic regulation. Results: It was observed that Gender based comparison of mean weight, mean body mass index (BMI), mean Systolic Blood Pressure, mean Diastolic Blood Pressure, and mean heart rate between males and females had statistically significant (p-value<0.05) differences. Among the categories of Diastolic Blood Pressure, only mean Normotensive blood pressure comparison in males and females showed statistically significant (p-value<0.05) difference, while Age, categories of systolic blood pressure (Normotensive, Prehypertension, Hypertension) and Diastolic blood pressure (Prehypertension, Hypertension) had showed statistically non-significant (p-value>0.05) gender difference in study participants. Conclusion: In our study results the mean BMI, mean Systolic Blood Pressure, mean Diastolic Blood Pressure, and mean heart rate had statistically significant (p-value<0.05) differences in gender.

L-carnitine (L-car) is a trimethylated amino acid required for the transformation oflong chain free fatty acids into acylcarnitine and their subsequent transport into the mitochondrialmatrix. It enhances the fatty acid oxidation for energy thus delaying the skeletal muscle fatigue.Objectives: Objectives of this study were to determine effect of L-carnitine supplementation onskeletal muscle lactate after fatigue, to observe effect of L-carnitine supplementation on forceof contraction in skeletal muscle and to estimate the time to onset of fatigue after L-carnitinesupplementation. Animals & treatment: In control group, the rabbit sedated and soleusmuscle was excised, Homogenized and centrifuged. Supernatant collected, was mixed withreagents of lactate test kit. Absorbance of light was read with the help of spectrophotometerand readings were noted. In experimental group, L-carnitine was given in a dose of 80mg / kg.The period of administration was two weeks. Soleus muscle was excised after giving the lastdose of L-carnitine.Lactate level was measured by using lactate test kit (Randox®). Readings forlactate measurement were noted after fatigue in both groups. Results: Statistically significantresults (p <0.05) were found in all three variables. Data was analyzed by applying “t” test in IBMSPSS Statistics - 20 soft ware. Conclusion: L -carnitine delays the onset of fatigue of skeletalmuscle. This was the stated alternative hypothesis.