abbreviated as LiNbO3-doped BNT-BT) ceramics possessing many excellent performances (large electrostrain, negative electrocaloric effect and energy storage density with high efficiency) was fabricated by the conventional solid-state reaction method. A large electrostrain (maximum ~ 0.34% at 100 kV/cm and room temperature) with high thermal stability over a broad temperature range (~ 80 K) is obtained at x = 0.03. A large energy storage density (maximum Wenergy ~ 0.665 J/cm 3 at 100 kV/cm and room temperature) with a high efficiency ( ~ 49.3%) is achieved at x = 0.06. Moreover, a large negative electrocaloric (EC) effect (maximum ΔT ~ 1.71 K with ΔS ~-0.22 J/(K kg) at 70 kV/cm)) is also obtained at x = 0.04. Phase transition (from ferroelectric to antiferroelectric and then to relaxor) induced by increasing the doping amount of LiNbO3 plays a very key role on the optimization of these performances. These findings and breakthroughs make the LiNbO3-doped BNT-BT ceramics very promising candidates as multifunctional materials.

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The electrocaloric (EC) effect in ferroelectric/antiferroelectric thin films has been widely investigated due to its potential applications in solid state cooling devices.

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