A prevalência de esclerose múltipla (EM) varia consideravelmente no mundo. De acordo com Kurtzke, a América do Sul é considerada região de baixa prevalência (menor que 5 casos:100000 habitantes). OBJETIVO: Descrever a epidemiologia da EM em centro de referência, comparando-a aos achados de oito serviços nacionais. MÉTODO: Através de estudo de incidência, descritivo, prospectivo, longitudinal, foram analisados dados de 118 pacientes, atendidos no Centro de Referência para Atenção ao Paciente Portador de Doença Desmielinizante do Hospital da Restauração - Recife - PE - Brasil (CRAPPDD-HR), entre janeiro de 1987 e março de 2002, com diagnóstico de EM, segundo critérios de Poser. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes foram acompanhados por um a 15 anos. Noventa e cinco (80,5%) pacientes estavam em tratamento específico com imunomoduladores. A prevalência foi igual a 1,36:100000 habitantes. Identificaram-se: predomínio da etnia parda (110 casos, 93,2%); 82 (82,2%) casos clinicamente definidos, 15 (12,7%) laboratorialmente definidos e 6 (5,1%) clinicamente prováveis; número máximo de surtos igual a 46; maior número de casos com EDSS leve, assim como um a 10 anos de doença na forma surto/remissão (SR). A razão de gênero dos 83 casos da forma SR se equivaleu à geral (4,1:1), contudo na forma SR com progressão secundária houve predomínio duas vezes maior para o sexo feminino e na forma primariamente progressiva, 5,5 vezes maior para o sexo masculino. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da presente pesquisa ter se assemelhado aos oito estudos utilizados para comparação, as diferenças constatadas irão requerer novas pesquisas e novas abordagens.

ABSTRACT. Hand washing: teaching and practice among undergraduate health sector students. This study was undertaken with students during their last year/semester of health sector studies at Higher Education Institutions (HEI), in Goiás State/2005. It aimed to verify the understanding of these students about hands washing (HW), identify the contribution of the HEI to the students' education on this theme, identify factors that favor the practice of HW, and verify the availability of material resources for HW at Health Assistance Establishments (HAE) used as practice scenarios. After observing ethical aspects, the data was obtained through a previously-evaluated questionnaire, and processed using Epi Info software (CDC, 2004), when the chi-square test was applied. 777 students took part (68.0%) in the study, belonging to the following courses: Biomedicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, physiotherapy, phonoaudiology, Medicine, Dentistry and Occupational Therapy. There was a noticeable difference between the understanding on HW and actual practice. Although we evidenced that HEIs have approached this subject during the educational process, this was not enough to modify the practice.

Introduction:In venous ulcers, the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus resistance phenotypes can aggravate and limit the choices for treatment. Methods: Staphylococcus isolated from 69 patients (98 ulcers) between October of 2009 and October of 2010 were tested. The macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B (MLS B ) group resistance phenotype detection was performed using the D-test. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin and/or oxacillin (disk-diffusion) were subjected to the confirmatory test to detect minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), using oxacillin strips (E-test®). Results: The prevalence of S. aureus was 83%, and 15% of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS). In addition were detected 28% of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 47% of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus (MRCoNS). Among the S. aureus, 69.6% were resistant to erythromycin, 69.6% to clindamycin, 69.6% to gentamicin, and 100% to ciprofloxacin. Considering the MRSA, 74% were highly resistant to oxacillin, MIC ≥ 256µg/mL, and the MLS B c constitutive resistance predominated in 65.2%. Among the 20 isolates sensitive to clindamycin, 12 presented an inducible MLS B phenotype. Of the MRCoNS, 71.4%were resistant to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Considering the isolates positive for β-lactamases, the MIC breakpoint was between 0.5 and 2µg/mL. Conclusions: The results point to a high occurrence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in venous ulcers in primary healthcare patients, thus evidencing the need for preventive measures to avoid outbreaks caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens, and the importance of healthcare professionals being able to identifying colonized versus infected venous ulcers as an essential criteria to implementing systemic antibacterial therapy.

Bastonetes Gram-negativos em úlceras venosas e implicações para o atendimento de enfermagem na atenção primária*Gram-negative rods in venous ulcers and implications for primary care nursing care Bacilos Gram-negativos en úlceras venosas, implicancias para la atención de enfermería en la atención primaria

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