Aging is associated with a mild-to-moderate renal function loss in many adult patients following nephrectomy during childhood for URT.

This is the first evidence-based study showing that infants with cardiogenic NEC have different demographics and outcomes than those with classical NEC. The risk of developing NEC and the mortality rate are higher among infants with CHD than in those without. Conversely, the need for intestinal surgery is lower in babies with cardiogenic NEC than in those with classical NEC. Further studies are needed to establish preventative and management interventions that are specific to infants with or at risk of developing cardiogenic NEC.

A subset of children with unilateral renal tumor presents before and/or after nephrectomy, and not after nephron sparing surgery, with stage II chronic kidney disease, probably due to a reduced renal reserve capacity. Whether patients with preoperative renal dysfunction may benefit from nephron sparing surgery should be studied in a cooperative clinical trial setting.