IFX was effective in the short- and mid-term in patients with chronic refractory pouchitis. However, medication had to be discontinued in a high number of patients.

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Retrograde (anal) exploration of the canine small intestine by conventional endoscopy is restricted to the ileum, but double balloon endoscopy (DBE) has recently been validated using the oral approach. In this study, anal DBE was performed on nine healthy dogs to characterize the efficiency, exploration dynamics and safety of the technique. DBE was successful in all dogs; the average estimated insertion depth of the endoscope was about 2m and took approximately 1h to achieve. No complications or related adverse clinical effects were observed, and pancreatitis did not occur following the procedure. Anal DBE is viable and safe in the dog within the limits of the study, and has the potential to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, not only in portions of the colon and ileum, but also in portions of the distal jejunum.

The intragastric balloon system is licensed for temporary use in moderately obese patients who have significant health risks related to their obesity and have failed to achieve and maintain significant weight loss with a supervised weight control program alone. Although intragastric balloons are advocated as safe devices, major complications have been described. We report a case of a gastric perforation during the removal of an intragastric balloon. This is the first case reported in the literature.