La exposición a eventos potencialmente traumáticos en Nepal constituye el punto de partida en la evaluación de la sintomatología asociada entre los menores nepalíes, especialmente aquellos en situación de orfandad. Conocer la prevalencia del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) en función de la tutela, y establecer comparaciones con población occidental como la española, permitiría delimitar las implicaciones intrafamiliares y socioculturales en el trauma infantojuvenil, valorando a su vez la conveniencia de sensibilizar los criterios diagnósticos. Con una muestra de 88 participantes con edades entre los 11 y los 14 años empleamos la Child Posttraumatic Symptom Scale (CPSS), aplicando tanto criterios DSM-5 generales como criterios alternativos adaptados a la infancia. Los resultados mostraron una mayor prevalencia de TEPT en población general nepalí (46.7%) con respecto a la muestra de tutelados (11.1%), reduciéndose significativamente en el grupo de menores españoles (6.1%), según criterios DSM-5 generales. Al utilizar criterios alternativos, observamos un aumento en la prevalencia, alcanzando el 73.3%, 22.2% y 14.3% respectivamente. Estos datos permitieron valorar los factores de protección en el orfanato frente al entorno intrafamiliar del grupo control, así como apreciar las variables socioculturales en ambos países, apoyando la mayor sensibilidad de criterios alternativos en el diagnóstico de TEPT infantojuvenil.

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The scientific literature highlights the risk of the appearance of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, together with difficulties in the academic area, linked to diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This is normally assessed by teachers and primary caregivers, disregarding the self-perception of the adolescents themselves, which limits detection of this disorder at an evolutionary stage. Our aim was to analyze the psychometric properties of a self-report for ADHD in adolescence and its relationship with psychopathology and academic performance. This study assessed an incidental sample of 267 students from secondary schools in the Region of Murcia, Spain, using the EDAH questionnaire adapted for self-report, in order to analyze its psychometric properties in assessing ADHD. The Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) were also used to determine their association with psychopathological, self-control and academic performance variables. An ADHD prevalence of between 3.7 and 13.1% was observed depending on the established cut-off point. The adapted EDAH showed adequate reliability indices (α = 0.818; ω = 0.817) and explained a high variance percentage (50.655%). Adolescents with anxiety/depression difficulties, dissocial behavior, aggressiveness, and poor performance in mathematics showed a higher amount of ADHD symptoms. Moreover, self-control, dissocial behavior, age, and performance in Social Sciences acted as predictors of the disorder. The good psychometric properties of this questionnaire and its adequate correspondence with other variables of interest suggest it is an appropriate self-report instrument to assess ADHD in adolescence.