No difference in symptomatology was discernible between boys and girls. Podocyturia was detectable in children serving as a possible early marker of kidney injury. LysoGb3 was elevated in all cases, emphasizing the importance for diagnosis especially in female patients with normal αGal A activity. A possible association between lysoGb3 and symptom severity and histological involvement in kidney biopsy should be assessed in prospective studies with enough statistical power to determine if lysoGb3 can be used to predict nephropathy in children with Fabry disease.

In order to revitalise the neglected transatlantic ties, the Nixon administration unilaterally deliberated that 1973 was to be the 'Year of Europe'. However, 1973 did not end with the solemn renewal of the Atlantic Declaration that Kissinger had sought. On the contrary, this initiative prompted the countries of the recently enlarged EEC to engage in the first attempt to take a unitary foreign policy stance and highlighted the Nixon administration's contradictions regarding the European integration project. These contradictions, in addition to the numerous tensions that already strained transatlantic relations, gave birth to a downward spiral of incomprehension and misperceptions, seriously worsened by the unexpected deflagration of the October War. However, even though the tensions did not disappear, the European common front soon started to disintegrate, mainly under the strains imposed by the oil crisis.Transatlantic relations underwent a deep change during the 1960s. Post-World War II cooperation, based on European dependence and American leadership, slowly gave way to growing misunderstandings, economic competition and diverging views about military and foreign policy. The weakening of the US economy, and détente, led the Nixon administration to adopt policies interpreted by the Europeans as direct challenges to their economic and security interests. With most of the administration's energy absorbed by the Vietnam War during its first mandate, Europe was not destined to play a central role in the wider US strategy, since the Grand Design to build a new peace structure and lessen the burdens on the slowed-down US economy centred around relations with the USSR and China. Thus, the European allies were increasingly ignored during the 1960s. There were few exchanges within NATO, and European countries were not consulted even on crucial occasions such as the 1971 economic measures. Contacts with Europe grew increasingly sparse, secret and bilateral under the growing influence of Kissinger, who rapidly tightened his grip on American foreign policy. 1

No abstract

Introduction and Objectives: NODAT is a well-recognized complication of solid organ transplantation. Its prevalence in Paraguay is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of NODAT in a kidney transplant population of Paraguay and to identify contributing risk factors. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, observational study with an analytical component. From February 2010 to January 2020, 77 first kidney transplants were performed at our institution. The patients included were ≥18 years old, 10 patients were excluded for being DM2. The variables studied were: sex, age, BMI, abdominal circumference, family history of DM2, etiology of CKD, type of donor and immunosuppression used, lipid profile, renal function, and proteinuria at discharge and one year after transplant. Results: Of the 67 recipients, 49/67 (73.1%) were male, age 45.1 ± 11.6 years; in 36/67 (53.7%) the etiology was unknown, family history of DM2 present in 4/67 (5.9%). The donors were cadaveric in 54/67 (80.5%), tacrolimus (Tac) was the preferred calcineurin in 62/67 (92.5%). Glycemia at 12 months had a significant increase with p= 0.0007. Overweight and type I and II obesity were present in 38.8% and 22.3%, respectively, one year after the transplant and presented a statistically significant difference with the BMI at discharge with a p= 0.0041. The other variables did not present significant differences in the two cuts made. NODAT developed in 10/67 (14.9%) patients; in this population, 89.5% were male, mean age 53.6 years, 85.7% received cadaveric donation, all received CT scan and none had hypomagnesemia. Overweight and type I and II obesity were present in 50% and 30%, respectively. LDL cholesterol was 147.1 ± 26.2 mg/dL, median renal function was 62 mL/min/1.73 m2, and median proteinuria was 180 mg/day. Conclusion: The prevalence of NODAT was 14.9% in 10 years. Those who developed it were men, with a mean age of 53.1 years, with a transplant from a cadaveric donor and Tac was the most used drug. Most had body mass index of overweight/obesity and hyperlipidemia. There was no correlation with hypomagnesemia. The renal function of the graft was not affected at one year of follow-up in these patients.

No abstract