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BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers typically perform their work under adverse conditions, increasing their susceptibility to developing burnout syndrome (BO). The paucity of research on the relationship between organizational identification (OI) and perceptions of organizational justice has created the need to address this topic more deeply. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the relationship between OI and BO, identifying whether perceptions of organizational justice act as mediating variables. METHODS: In total, 402 healthcare workers (physicians, professionals, and nursing assistants) completed Colquitt’s (2001) Organizational Justice Scale, Mael and Ashforth’s (1992) Organizational Identification Scale, and Maslach’s (1986) Burnout Inventory. Two competing structural equation models were evaluated. RESULTS: Our partial mediation model showed that the direct relationship between OI and BO was not significant (β= –0.16; p = 0.07). Therefore, a total mediation model was selected, showing that the indirect effects of OI on BO through perceptions of distributive justice (β= –0.16; p = 0.00) and interpersonal justice (β= –0.11; p = 0.02) were significant. CONCLUSION: Adjusting the processes of health institutions considering a vision of organizational justice and increasing the worker’s sense of belonging to his or her organization and his or her work team would, in turn, result in a lower probability of experiencing burnout syndrome.

Como se podrá apreciar, la importancia de la medicina ocupacional, data desde el siglo XVIII, cuando Ramazzini1 ponía énfasis en que a los pacientes se les debería de preguntar acerca de su ocupación, pues ya desde entonces se reconocía que la actividad laboral podría estar relacionada con la enfermedad de los pacientes. Actualmente la Salud Ocupacional no tiene un abordaje exclusivo en el campo de la medicina, sino que se ha convertido en una disciplina multidisciplinaria, donde pueden participar médicos, terapeutas, ingenieros, abogados, psicólogos, trabajadores sociales y muchos otros profesionales cuyas actividades se relacionan con la salud de los trabajadores, sobre todo en el ámbito de la prevención y de la intervención y no solamente en diagnosticar y curar las enfermedades relacionadas con la actividad laboral.