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Introduction: The current development of the world economy defined as the Fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is rather determined by a larger social change caused by the interconnection of the physical, virtual, and social worlds. It affects the market of products, production factors, sectors, services, education, research, social systems, the labour market, the education, and specialization, including the legal framework, and the use of digital technologies for production and education purposes. Purpose: The aim of the literature review will be the description and analysis of Industry 4.0, which are digitization and the application of digital technologies, associated with new emerging jobs in the circular economy, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, development, sales of products and services and the focus on human resources, as Industry 4.0 requires new standards regarding Education 4.0. Methods: The study, analysis, evaluation and comparison of selected scientific papers and research reviews of international organizations (European Union, OECD, etc.) related to Industry 4.0 and Education 4.0 resulted in the need for a significant transformation of education and labour markets, because of newly emerging professions demanding new profiles of graduates. Conclusions: Calls for changes in the educational structure and new qualifications will be formulated regarding the Slovak economy by 2030. A successful transition to Industry 4.0 paradigm requires the linkage between industrial policy and educational, scientific, technical and innovation policies.

Different historical, geographical, socio-economic and so­cial conditions have led to the situation that the regions in Slovakia are equipped with different start-up capital, different quality of human poten­tial and various infrastructures and therefore they develop accordingly. Re­gional disparities are understood as differences in the degree of socio-eco­nomic development of regions, which is uneven. The problem of regional disparities cannot be seen only as economic differences between regions, as there are also significant intraregional differences within a region. In the regional context, education and training of youth and adults are directly linked to employment, social security, economic and social development. Insufficient education and training of individuals reduce their employment opportunities, limit their responsible approach to work and life, worsens living conditions, increases social risks, and may deteriorate their health. The level of educational attainment is also related to the level of innova­tion performance and the competitiveness of regions. A special area is rep­resented by the preparation of capacities for the sector of research and de­velopment. The regional differences could be seen in the location of uni­versities preparing graduates for research and development as well as the placement of research and development institutions. The main aim of the paper will be to point out how human resources could be deployed in the solution of regional disparities in Slovakia.