El aprendizaje de circuitos eléctricos es fundamental en la formación de ingenieros y los estudiantes tienen dificultades para comprender estos conceptos. Para ello, la investigación en educación de la física ha desarrollado estrategias que promueven argumentación y entendimiento conceptual. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar las dinámicas de argumentación de los estudiantes al aprender circuitos eléctricos en un curso de electricidad y magnetismo que se implementa en un ambiente de aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante con el uso de instrucción por pares y actividades de andamiaje cognitivo. La investigación se realizó por medio de una observación naturalista. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes tienen dificultades que resuelven por medio de la argumentación. Una diferencia entre estrategias es que, durante instrucción por pares, la dinámica de discusión es en equipos grandes, mientras en las actividades de andamiaje cognitivo, es en equipos pequeños. El principal hallazgo de esta investigación es que implementar estrategias que promueven la argumentación provoca que los estudiantes logren entendimiento conceptual y desarrollen su capacidad para analizar circuitos en lugar de aplicar reglas memorizadas. Se concluye que, con estas estrategias, la argumentación sucede en cuatro niveles, la mente del estudiante, equipos pequeños, la comunidad de aprendizaje y en el grupo completo.
We present the findings of a pilot plan of active learning implemented in introductory physics in a Chilean public university. The model is research based as it considered a literature review for adequate selection and design of activities consistent with the levels of students' reasoning skills. The level of scientific reasoning is positively correlated to student success. By contrast to a control group of students following traditional lectures, we observed a significant reduction in failure rate for students that do not yet possess formal scientific reasoning. This profile of students being the majority, we conclude that implementing active learning is particularly suited to the first year of higher education in the context of a developing country. It fits the particularities of student profile and typical classroom size, leading to learning improvement and reduction of academic risk, as well as being financially sound.
In this study, we explore students' discussions during active learning strategies of Peer Instruction and Tutorial-like activities in a SCALE-UP environment. Discussions were recorded in one of the tables of a student-centered learning room in Mexico, and analyzed through a qualitative approach using Toulmin's argumentation pattern as a framework of reference. We found that the circular table functions as a learning community in the SCALE-UP environment, however, the dynamics of argumentation of the table are different while implementing each learning strategy. During Tutorial-like activities, students center their discussions on each small team, while during peer instruction students center their discussion around the whole table. These findings provide an insight into the kind of competencies that we mean to develop in our students by engaging them in active learning strategies in student centered learning environments.
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