Infection with Toxoplasma gondii is very common in humans throughout the world, the intake of raw or undercooked meat with tissue cysts and fruits, vegetables and water contaminated with parasite oocysts being the main routes of infection. Here, we analyzed the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in pregnant females (age 13–44 years; n = 920) between April 2014 and December 2017 from Chascomús (Argentina), a city immersed in a rural area. Altogether 320 tested positive for immunoglobulin G antibodies, yielding an overall seroprevalence of 34.8% (CI 95%: 31.7–37.9). No association was observed between seropositivity and age. In addition, by using the QGIS 3.2.1 software we analyzed the geographical distribution of 769 (83.6%) pregnant females in two main areas of the city: Urban (n = 157) and Peri-urban (n = 612) with a seroprevalence of 26.8% (CI 95%: 19.8–33.7) and 36.4% (CI 95%: 32.6–40.3) respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.023). Furthermore, we assessed through a questionnaire survey, between April 2016 to December 2017, possible risk factors such as activity (urban and rural), home water supply, animal husbandry, presence of cats as pets, gardening and consumption of meat and its derivatives (pork, sheep meat and sausages) and their frequencies (consumption per week), not finding significant association with seropositivity. Significant differences was found when the seroprevalence was analyzed between the urban and peri-urban neighborhoods of the city of Chascomús. The higher seroprevalence in peri-urban neighborhoods could be due to an unfavorable socioeconomic situation and/or to undeveloped peri-urban environments, which is a risk factor that should be taken into account when planning the health care of pregnant females.
Objetivos. Caracterizar la población en estudio en el marco del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Salud de la Argentina, determinar la proporción de infección por Bordetella pertussis y Bordetella parapertussis e identificar factores asociados de los casos con sospecha de coqueluche atendidos en la ciudad de Mar del Plata y alrededores durante el período 2011-2015. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo. Se diagnosticaron por laboratorio casos clínicos con sospecha de coqueluche. Los estudios de laboratorio consistieron en cultivo, PCR y serología por técnica de ELISA. Resultados. Se evaluaron 572 casos. El sexo femenino fue el más frecuente con 51,9% (296/570), el rango etario más frecuente fue de 2 a 17 meses con 51,1% (290/568) que fue además el grupo con más casos confirmados. Solo el 47,8% (155/324) de la población estudiada tenía vacunación completa para su edad. Se confirmó coqueluche por Bordetella pertussis en el 15,5 % y un solo caso con Bordetella parapertussis. Hubo asociación entre tener un contacto familiar tosedor por más de dos semanas con la confirmación de Bordetella spp. (odds ratio [OR]: 3,3; [intervalo de confianza al 95%] IC 95%: 1,9 -5,4). Conclusiones. Existe la necesidad de realizar una evaluación oportuna de los casos sospechosos de coqueluche tanto en niños como en adolescentes y adultos para lograr un mejor control de la enfermedad. Asimismo, continuar con las medidas de prevención y de contención resulta fundamental para disminuir la circulación del agente causal.Palabras claves: Bordetella pertussis; Bordetella parapertussis; Coqueluche; Vigilancia (fuente: DeCS BIREME). INFECTION BY Bordetella pertussis AND Bordetella parapertussis IN CASES OF SUSPECTED WHOOPING COUGH (2011-2015) IN MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA ABSTRACTObjectives. To classify the study population in the Argentinian National Health Surveillance System framework, determine the proportion of infection by Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis, and identify factors associated with the cases of suspected whooping cough attended to in the city of Mar del Plata and its outskirts during the period 2011-2015. Materials and Methods. An observational and descriptive study was carried out. Clinical cases with suspicion of whooping cough were diagnosed by laboratory. The laboratory studies consisted of culture, PCR, and serology using the ELISA technique. Results. A total of 572 cases were evaluated. The female sex was the most frequent (51.9%). The most frequent age range was 2 to 17 moths (51.1%; 290/568), which was also the group with the most confirmed cases. Only 47.8% (155/324) of the population studied had complete vaccination for their age. Whooping cough due to B. pertussis was confirmed in 15.5% (89/572) of cases and one case with B. parapertussis. Those cases that had contact with a coughing relative were significantly associated with the confirmation of Bordetella spp. by the laboratory (odds ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.9-5.4). Conclusions. The results show the need...
Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (STEC) es un patógeno emergente a nivel mundial siendo reconocido como agente causal de enfermedades severas en el hombre, como colitis hemorrágica (CH) y síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH). El objetivo consistió en determinar el rol de los animales de compañía como potenciales reservorios de STEC en la cadena epidemiológica del SUH. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Entre octubre de 2010 y abril de 2013 se procesaron 162 muestras de perros y gatos realizándose PCR múltiple para la detección de los genes stx1, stx2 y rfbO157, no detectándose señal positiva por PCR en ninguna de las muestras procesadas. Estos resultados de ausencia de STEC en los animales estudiados podría deberse a que la alimentación de los mismos resultó principalmente con alimentos balanceados ya que el consumo de alimentos contaminados, como por ejemplo carne molida, productos cárnicos crudos o insuficientemente cocidos, constituyen una de las principales fuentes de infección para este microorganismo.
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