The aim of this study was to evaluate if the presence of periodontal infections (PI) is associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a group of patients admitted to a hospital. A total of 140 patients were enrolled in this case-control study, with 70 patients having CAP (case group) and the other 70 patients diagnosed with other systemic diseases (control group). A periodontal examination was carried out to assess pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and presence of bacterial plaque (BP). CAL and BOP showed higher scores in the case group over the control group. They were, respectively, 3.16 ± 2.43 mm and 0.33 ± 0.24 % for the case group, and 1.99 ± 2.23 mm and 0.25 ± 0.24 % for the control group (p < 0.05). High scores for BP were observed in both groups (case: 97.1 %; control: 98.6 %, p = 1.0000). Chronic periodontitis (CP) was more frequent in patients with CAP (case: 61.4 %; control: 41.4 %). The presence of moderate or severe CP increased the risk for CAP [odds ratio (OR) = 4.4, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-13.8], even when adjusted for age, ethnicity, gender, and smoking. Moderate and severe chronic periodontitis were associated with CAP in this study.

CP is strongly associated with PTL, PTB and low birth weight in a group of Brazilian pregnant women. These data point to the necessity of regularly investigating CP during pregnancy.

To synthesize the available evidence regarding lip repositioning surgery (LRS) and quantify the short‐ and long‐term reduction in excessive gingival display (EGD) with the procedure. Additionally, evaluate the effect of myotomy on the results. Seven electronic databases were searched up to May 2020 by two independent reviewers. Studies evaluating the exclusive use of LRS to treat EGD were included. After risk of bias assessment, the data were quantitatively evaluated with random‐effects meta‐analysis. The initial database search yielded 368 studies, of which 16 were selected for full‐text review. Finally, eight studies were included. The random effects model exhibited an EGD reduction of 2.87 mm (95% CI: 1.91–3.82) after 3 months of LRS. These results decreased after 6 months (2.71 mm; 95% CI: 1.95–3.47) and 12 months (2.10 mm; 95% CI: 1.48–2.72). Meta‐analysis comparing the performance of myotomy showed greater EGD reduction at 6 months than without myotomy (P < 0.02). LRS is an effective approach for treating EGD, and it has satisfactory results up to 6 months. After this period, the effectiveness appears to progressively decrease over time indicating substantial relapse at 12 months. Myotomy seems a suitable alternative to increase the stability of LRS. Lip repositioning surgery is an effective procedure to improve smile esthetics in the short‐term (up to 6 months). After this period, the efficacy of LRS seems to decrease progressively, and an approximately 25% relapse may be expected after 12 months. Clinicians should combine the procedure with other approaches, such as plastic periodontal surgeries, restorative procedures, or botulin toxin injections for more predictable and stable outcomes.

To determine the frequency of abnormal vaginal flora and bacterial vaginosis (BV) in female sex workers (FSW) and the association between douching and vaginal microflora imbalance, a cross-sectional study enrolled 94 users and 61 non-users of vaginal douching. The social-demographic and sexual profile of these women was obtained and their abnormal vaginal flora, BV, vaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis and cytolitic vaginosis on blinded samples were identified by Gram stain. A stepwise multivariate regression determined the risk of development of vaginal microflora imbalance. Prevalence of abnormal flora, BV, candidiasis, trichomoniasis and cytolytic vaginosis in the entire FSW was 75.5%, 51.0%, 5.1%, 0.64% and 1.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences in these findings between users and non-users of vaginal douching. Regression analysis did not identify any increased risk for altered vaginal flora or BV in vaginal douche users. In conclusion, vaginal douching did not increase the rate of these alterations in FSW.

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