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graphic separation. Essentially, the spreading factor is an attempt to take into account the finite band width of a given amount of material under predetermined conditions. A consideration of both Rr and S has been shown to be far superior to a consideration of Rf alone. By plotting S against weight of cation it is possible that even the limiting proportions of two cations can be predetermined.

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It has been shown that M-butyllithium dimetalates 9-phenylcarbazole homonuclearly to give, subsequent to earbonation and hydrolysis, 9-(2',-6'-dicarboxyphenyl)-carbazole. The structure of this dibasic acid was established by cyclodehydration reactions. Some experiments concerned with resolution studies of cyclodehydration derivatives are described.