International audienceGender-related inequalities in scientific careers are widespread, evidenced by the attrition of women along the different stages of the promotion ladder. We studied the interwoven personal and professional trajectories of researchers in ecology and compared these trajectories between France and Norway. Given their differing welfare state policies and work/family regimes, we expected contrasts in the depth and modalities of the gender gap. We focused on the career consequences of time-use inequalities in the workplace and in the private sphere (domestic tasks and parental care). We find a more frequent assignment of women to less-valued tasks at work (e.g. teaching) and pronounced gender differences in the involvement in domestic and parental tasks, especially in France. Age at promotion and probability to be promoted differed between gender in both countries and more so in France, women being less promoted and promoted later than men. This gender gap was particularly discriminating women with children, when they were either single or with a partner who also was a researcher. These differences are mainly due to a lower scientific productivity of women when they get children. These analyses raise a number of questions on welfare policies and on the definition of academic standards of peer judgment within local employment policies in universities
International audienceCet article interroge la recomposition du marché du travail universitaire à partir du cas britannique. Jusque dans les années 1990, l'emploi académique au Royaume-Uni s'organisait en deux segments de main-d'oeuvre, primaire et secondaire, composés respectivement d'emplois permanents et temporaires. On observe depuis quelques années l'émergence d'un troisième segment. Il s'agit d'un micro-marché restreint, ouvert à des « vedettes » académiques capables de négocier des salaires élevés. Croisant entretiens biographiques et données longitudinales de carrières, l'article restitue les différents moments de la carrière académique au travers des trois espaces considérés, puis examine les conditions d'activation du micro-marché des vedettes. Il est montré que l'échange salarial au sein de ce dernier segment porte davantage sur les capitaux scientifiques des individus (publications, projets de recherche financés, etc.) que sur leur capacité de travail. Le fonctionnement du micro-marché de vedettes suppose alors des conditions sociales spécifiques : la capacité d'appropriation individuelle du travail comme actif transférable et l'existence de dispositions à valoriser ces actifs et à négocier des rémunérations exceptionnelles
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