The domestic basis of the scientific career: gender inequalities in ecology in France and Norway

Loison, Anne; Paye, Simon; Schermann, Agnes; Bry, Clémentine; Gaillard, Jean‐Michel; Pélabon, Christophe; Bråthen, Kari Anne

doi:10.1177/1474904116672469

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Reaching equality between women and men also requires actions at the broader level of the society (Loison et al. ). Finally, while our study focused on the representation of women at scientific events, we acknowledge that women are not the only underrepresented category in academia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender equity at scientific events

2018

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Although the proportion of women in science, and in evolutionary biology in particular, has substantially increased over the last century, women remain underrepresented in academia, especially at senior levels. In addition, their scientific achievements do not always receive the same level of recognition as do men's, which can be reflected in a lower relative representation of women among invited speakers at conferences or specialized courses. Using announcements sent to the EvolDir mailing list between April 2016 and September 2017, and the symposium programs of three large evolutionary biology congresses held in summer 2017, we quantified the representation of women announced as invited speakers in conferences, congress symposia, and specialized courses. We compared the proportion of invited women to a baseline estimated using membership data of the associated scientific societies, and surveyed organizers to investigate their influence and that of potential gender‐ratio guidelines on the proportion of invited women. We find that the average proportion of invited women is comparable (conferences), significantly lower (specialized courses), or significantly higher (congress symposia) than the current baseline (32% women). It is positively correlated to the proportion of women among the organizers, and it is on average higher for events whose organizers considered gender when choosing speakers than for those whose organizers did not. To investigate the impact of Equal Opportunity guidelines, we then collected longitudinal data on the proportion of invited women at two series of congresses, covering the 2001–2017 period. The proportion of invited women is higher when Equal Opportunity guidelines are announced. Encouraging women to sit on organizing committees of scientific events, and the establishment of visible Equal Opportunity guidelines, thus could be ways to ensure higher number of invited female speakers in the future. Our results suggest that change, if desired, requires deliberate actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender equity at scientific events

2018

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“…This gender gap tends to increase along the research career, with, for example, in France, women representing 58% of undergraduate students, 47% of doctoral students, and only 26% of researchers ( UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2017 ); a typical pattern found in many countries and called the “leaky pipeline” ( Pell 1996 ; Shaw and Stanton 2012 ; Thomas et al. 2015 ; Loison et al. 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Last but not least, in many countries women have the larger share in domestic tasks and childcare, making it difficult for them to be as productive and visible as men ( Ceci et al. 2014 ; Loison et al. 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospects in Gender Visibility at SMBE Annual Meetings

Käfer

Betancourt

Villain

et al. 2018

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Reduced visibility of women in science is thought to be one of the causes of their underrepresentation among scientists, in particular at senior positions. Visibility is achieved through publications, and through conference attendance and presentations. Here, we investigated gender differences in visibility at the annual meetings of the Society of Molecular Biology and Evolution. The analysis of meeting programs showed a regular increase in female speakers for the last 16 years. Data on abstract submission suggest that there are no gender-related preferences in the acceptance of contributed presentations at the most recent meetings. However, data collected on-site in 2015 and 2016 show that women asked only ∼25% of the questions, that is, much less than expected given the female attendance. Understanding the reasons for this pattern is necessary for the development of policies that aim to reduce imbalance in visibility.

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“…A study conducted by Tokbaeva in 2021 in Sweden, stated that in developed countries such as Sweden, gender discriminations still occur even though it does not happen overtly [19]. Even in a country as developed as France, women are more often given less valuable tasks at work and less promoted than men [20]. In a study conducted by Hägglund in 2021 in OECD member countries, gender disparities in STEM were higher in countries with greater postindustrial restructuring of the labor market, where women were directed to avoid the STEM sector [21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Inequalities in STEM Careers in Developed and Developing Countries

Gunawan¹,

Mulyadi²,

Kustiawan³

2022

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Engineering and Vocational Education (ICIEVE 2021)

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Gender inequalities in careers has been an issue for a long time in many parts of the world. Even in the country with the best rates of gender equality in the world, gender inequalities persist across many professions. One of the career fields where there is a lot of gender inequality is science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), which in this field is still dominated by men. This study aims to discuss gender inequalities that occur in STEM careers in developing and developed countries. The method used is a systematic literature review using a number of relevant articles from various journals. After the screening process, a number of articles obtained were studied further. As a result, many women experience gender gaps or biases in STEM careers. These gaps occur mainly in developing countries, although the results are not very significant. The gaps are felt especially in women who already have children, because their productivity is considered to decrease when they become a mother. In addition to the difficulty of women to get promotions, inequality also occurs in the provision of wages, where women sometimes get lower wages than men.

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The domestic basis of the scientific career: gender inequalities in ecology in France and Norway

Cited by 8 publications

References 59 publications

Gender equity at scientific events

Gender equity at scientific events

Progress and Prospects in Gender Visibility at SMBE Annual Meetings

Gender Inequalities in STEM Careers in Developed and Developing Countries

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