All SFE techniques provided sufficient graft volume for implant treatment. All techniques provoke a partially transient swelling of the Schneiderian membrane. All techniques resulted in a decrease in graft volume after 6 weeks; however, no significant differences were obtained between treatments. Furthermore, no statistical significant correlation between the post-operative swelling of the Schneiderian membrane and reduction in graft volume at 6 weeks could be obtained.

L-PRF Block may be a suitable technique to augment deficient alveolar ridges.

Subgingival debridement is the part of nonsurgical therapy which aims to remove the biofilm without intentionally removing the cementum or subgingival calculus. The objective of this review was to describe the end point of this therapy, the different methods used and how often it should be carried out. The literature shows that several methods are currently available for subgingival debridement, namely hand instrumentation, (ultra)sonic instrumentation, laser, photodynamic therapy and air‐polishing. None of these methods seems superior to any other regarding clinical benefits or microbiological differences. However, less treatment discomfort is reported using laser, photodynamic therapy or air‐polishing compared with hand‐ and/or (ultra)sonic instrumentation. Subgingival debridement can be carried out when, during supportive periodontal therapy, pockets of 5 mm or deeper are detected.

Purpose:The Leucocyte and Platelet Rich Fibrin Block (L-PRF Block) is a composite graft that combine a xenograft that is acting as a scaffold with L-PRF membranes that serve as a bioactive nodule with osteoinductive capacity. This study evaluated the properties of the L-PRF Block and its components in terms of release of growth factors, cellular content and structure. Methods:The concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB) and bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1) released by a L-PRF membrane (mb) and a L-PRF Block were examined with ELISA for 5 time intervals (0-4h, 4h-1day, 1-3d, 3-7d, 7-14d). Those levels in L-PRF exudate and Liquid Fibrinogen were also evaluated. The cellular content of the Liquid Fibrinogen, L-PRF membrane and exudate was calculated. The L-PRF Block was also analysed by means of a microCT scan and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: TGF-β1 was the most released growth factor after 14 days, followed by PDGF-AB, VEGF, and BMP-1. All L-PRF blocks constantly release the four growth factors up to 14 days. L-PRF membrane and Liquid Fibrinogen presented high concentration of leucocytes and platelets. The microCT and SEM images revealed the bone substitute particles surrounded by platelets and leucocytes, embedded in a dens fibrin network. Conclusions:The L-PRF Block consists of deproteinized bovine bone mineral particles surrounded by platelets, leucocytes and embedded in a fibrin network that releases growth factors up to 14 days.

No abstract