Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o ponto de colheita e caracterizar a pós-colheita de frutos de camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) colhidos em diferentes estádios de maturação. A colheita dos frutos foi realizada em quatro estádios de maturação, definidos pela cor da casca: verde, verde-avermelhada, vermelho-esverdeada e roxa. O armazenamento foi feito em câmaras de refrigeração a 22±1°C e 85±5% UR. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com cinco períodos de armazenamento: 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias. Foram avaliados: atividade respiratória; produção de etileno; coloração da casca verificada pelo ângulo de cor e coordenadas de cromaticidade a* e b*; firmeza; perda de massa de matéria fresca; teores de clorofilas, antocianinas, sólidos solúveis e ácido ascórbico; acidez titulável; e incidência de podridão. Os picos de produção de CO 2 e etileno ocorreram após a colheita. Os teores de clorofilas e antocianinas variaram com a mudança na coloração da casca de verde para roxa, o que confirmou a maturação dos frutos. Os teores de ácido ascórbico variaram de 759,02 mg por 100 g, no estádio verde, a 1.071,12 mg por 100 g, no roxo. Os frutos colhidos totalmente roxos têm reduzida vida pós-colheita. A maior qualidade pós-colheita do camu-camu é obtida quando os frutos são colhidos com coloração vermelho-esverdeada.Termos para indexação: Myrciaria dubia, ácido ascórbico, amadurecimento, armazenamento, pós-colheita, qualidade. Harvest point and maturation of camu-camu fruit harvested at different stagesAbstract -The objective of this work was to determine the harvest point and to characterize the postharvest of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) fruit harvested at different maturity stages. The fruits are harvested at four maturity stages, defined by skin color: green, reddish-green, red-greenish, and purple. Fruit were cold-stored at 22±1°C and 85±5% RH. It was used a completely randomized design, split-potted in time, with five storage periods: 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Evaluations were made for: respiratory activity; ethylene production; skin color, determined with the hue angle and chromaticity coordinates a* and b*; firmness; fresh matter weight loss; contents of chlorophyll, anthocyanins, soluble solids, and ascorbic acid; titratable acidity; and rot incidence. Peaks of CO 2 and ethylene production occurred after harvest. The contents of chlorophyll and anthocyanins varied according to the changes in skin color, from green to purple, which confirmed fruit ripening. The contents of ascorbic acid ranged from 759.02 mg per 100 g, in the green stage, to 1,071.12 mg per 100 g, in the purple one. Fruit harvested with complete purpled skin had reduced postharvest life. Best postharvest quality for camu-camu is achieved when skin color is red-green.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da clorose variegada dos citros (CVC), no fluxo de seiva, trocas gasosas e atividade fotoquímica em laranjeira 'Natal', com e sem CVC, em condição de campo. O curso diário do fluxo de seiva, potencial da água na folha, assimilação de CO 2 , transpiração, condutância estomática e eficiência quântica máxima e efetiva do fotossistema II foram avaliados. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. O fluxo de seiva foi 1,9 vez superior nas plantas sadias em relação às doentes. Em plantas doentes ocorreu queda de 43, 28 e 33% na assimilação de CO 2 , condutância estomática e transpiração, respectivamente. As plantas com CVC apresentaram fotoinibição dinâmica. Uma vez que a eficiência quântica efetiva apresentou um padrão de resposta semelhante, durante o dia, em ambos os tratamentos, o efeito protetor da fotorrespiração no aparato fotoquímico em plantas com CVC é discutido. As quedas de assimilação de CO 2 , transpiração e de fluxo de seiva, nas plantas com CVC, foram decorrentes do menor valor da condutância estomática, possivelmente causado pela colonização dos vasos do xilema pela Xylella fastidiosa.Termos para indexação: Citrus sinensis, Xylella fastidiosa, assimilação de CO 2 , condutância estomática, fluorescência da clorofila, transpiração. Sap flow and photosynthesis of 'Natal' sweet orange plants with citrus variegated chlorosisAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) on sap flow, gas exchanges and photochemical activity in 'Natal' sweet orange plants with and without CVC under field condition. Diurnal courses of sap flow, leaf water potential, CO 2 assimilation rate and transpiration, stomatal conductance, potential and effective quantum efficiency of photosystem II were evaluated. The experiment was arranged in a random block design with five repetitions. Healthy plants showed sap flow values around 1.9 times higher than injured ones. Injured plants exhibited reductions of 43, 28 and 33% in CO 2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration, respectively. CVC-affected plants showed dynamic photoinhibition. Since healthy and injured plants showed similar diurnal course of effective quantum efficiency, the possible influence of photorespiration on photochemical apparatus in CVC-affected plants is discussed. Reductions in CO 2 assimilation rate, transpiration and sap flow of injured plants were induced by low stomatal conductance values, which was probably due to the xylem vessel colonization by Xylella fastidiosa.
In Brazilian regions affected by the citrus sudden death disease, sweet orange cultivation depends on the use of resistant rootstocks. Rangpur lime was mainly replaced by Swingle citrumelo and Sunki mandarin rootstocks, more drought-sensitive ones. The diversification of scion selections is also desirable aiming at the increasing demand for not from concentrate orange juice (NFC) that requires high-quality fruits. In this work, we evaluated the performance of 6 selections of Valencia (IAC, Dom João, Late Burjasot IVIA 35-2, Rhode Red SRA 360, Temprana IVIA 25 and Campbell) and Natal IAC sweet oranges grafted onto Swingle citrumelo and Sunki mandarin. The planting occurred in 2001 under rain-fed cultivation in Bebedouro, northern São Paulo state, Brazil. The outline was made through randomized blocks in a 7 × 2 factorial design (selections × rootstock), with 4 replications and crop production And MAnAgeMent-Article
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