These findings support an association between the social hormones OT and AVP and schizophrenia. We suggest that OT metabolism may be altered in schizophrenia, but other possible causes for decreased plasma OT levels in schizophrenia patients include decreased OT synthesis, mRNA expression, and translation. Especially the 'autistic' symptoms of schizophrenia seem to be closely linked to an altered metabolism of OT, the 'attachment' hormone.
When observing ostracism, individuals can either side with the target or the sources of ostracism. Here we demonstrate that side‐taking depends on whether the target previously acted in adherence to or in violation of perceived social norms. In four studies, a target behaved either norm‐consistently or violated a social norm, and was subsequently either excluded by the sources or was not. Next, participants could sanction the behavior of the observed persons by refraining to assign money (Studies 1 and 2), or by subtracting money from a bonus (Studies 3 and 4). Observers assigned less money to the sources when these excluded a norm‐consistent target. However, when the target had violated a social norm before, participants assigned less money to the target instead. These results have far‐reaching implications because the (in)actions of neutral individuals can legitimize the sources’ behavior, or help a target under attack.
Prognosen sind im Gesetzgebungsverfahren omnipräsent. Zugleich ist der Gesetzgeber lediglich im Rahmen der Gesetzesfolgenabschätzung unverbindlich dazu angehalten, Prognoseverfahren durchzuführen. Simone Ruf untersucht, ob sich darüber hinaus auch verfassungsrechtliche Anknüpfungspunkte für die Ableitung einer verbindlichen Prognosep icht für den Gesetzeber nden lassen. Die zentralen Fragen dabei lauten: Müssen legislative Entscheidungen sachlich-inhaltlich richtig sein oder reicht es aus, wenn sie von der Mehrheit des Parlaments getragen werden? In welchem Umfang kontrolliert das Bundesverfassungsgericht legislative Prognosen? Die Analyse erfolgt im Lichte des dem Grundgesetz immanenten Rationalitätskonzepts. Darüber hinaus untersucht die Autorin die strukturellen Schwachpunkte der Ausgestaltung de lege lata und unterbreitet einen Vorschlag, um die Durchführung von Prognosen in inneren Gesetzgebungsverfahren künftig zu optimieren.
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