A BSTRACT The use of salivary biomarkers in diagnosis, treatment, and overall prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been developed recently. Salivary biomarkers are extremely promising as they are fast to obtain and involve noninvasive collection of specimens. Monitoring patients in real time is necessary in this pandemic. Saliva is another biofluid with major advantages at the molecular level. Methods that detect viral presence in the host secretions measure the current infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), whereas the detection of human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 evaluates the past exposure to the virus. There is an urgent need to increase the active research for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva because diagnostics may provide a reliable and cost-effective method and is suitable for the fast and early detection of COVID-19 infection. Salivary biomarkers have a potential to be a vital guide in determining coronavirus disease. Many people still do not get results of COVID-19 tests due to imbalance between supply and demand at large testing centers. The use of saliva has various advantages compared to collection of nasopharyngeal swabs. New techniques should be developed for detecting salivary biomarkers that help in diagnosis of COVID-19.

Dental erosion is defined as an irreversible loss of dental hard tissue due to exposure to chelating agents or non-bacterial acids. The occurrence of this condition was noted and the incidence and prevalence of dental erosion has been increasingly documented.The Ant erosive agents such as Anacardic acid in which the key component is the cashewnut shell liquid is phenolic lipids. It is a mixture of molecules which are saturated and unsaturated. It is also considered to have an anti-microbial effect and has been studied for the treatment of cancer, oxidative damage, inflammation and obesity disorders. Other anti-erosive agent like Fluoride helps in tooth remineralization. Fluorapatite, rather than hydroxyapatite, forms during the process of remineralization when fluoride is found in oral fluids. In apatite crystal lattice formation, fluoride ions replace hydroxy ions. Fluorapatite, even under acidic conditions, is less soluble than hydroxyapatite, which helps to regenerate tooth enamel. Fluoride is therefore a stronger anti-erosive agent. Various Recent advances in anti-erosive agents are Calcium and phosphate, Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), Protease inhibitors, Oils, Chitosan chitosan and Multivalent metal ions Various techniques to evaluate dental erosion are in vitro techniques and in vivo techniques. In vitro techniques are Scanning electron microscope, Surface Profilometry, Polarized Light Microscopyand Non-Contact Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). And iv vivo techniques are Photographs Clinical review and indices. The most important point of treatment is identifying and removing the erosion factor, above all current materials and methods. Therefore, early identification of the lesions, evaluation and removal of the etiological variables are relevant topics.

Background: The key goal of the study is to find out the effectiveness of anacardic acid and the stannous fluoride as an anti erosive agent. Objectives: To evaluate the erosive effect of Bio vinegar and antierosive effect of Anacardic acid and Stannous Fluoride.    Methodology: The extracted teeth were collected for in vitro study. Three solutions were selected Bio vinegar, Anacardic acid, Fluoride to treat the extracted teeth to study and compare the anti-erosive effect. The sets of extracted teeth of ten each were grouped to be treated with different solutions. The set was immersed in Bio vinegar for 8 hours for erosive action. The second set of ten extracted teeth were immersed in anacardic acid for four days. The same set of teeth were treated with vinegar for 8 hours. The cross sectional view of stained teeth was viewed under Scanning Electron Microscope. The third set of teeth was immersed in stannous fluoride for four days and then treated with Bio vinegar for 8 hours. The cross sectional view of stained teeth was viewed under Scanning Electron Microscope. A comparison of anti-erosive effect of anacardic acid and stannous fluoride were studied under Scanning Electron Microscope. Expected Results: Determining a better effectiveness of Anacardic acid antierosive agent than stannous fluoride. Conclusion: Reduction in the level of erosion by the application of anacardic acid and stannous fluoride on extracted teeth exposed to carbonated drinks and assessment of erosive effect of carbonated drink on tooth.

Graphene is the thinnest, strongest and stiffest imaginable material. The biocompatible property of graphene oxide can initiate and facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament, osteogenic and oral epithelial cells. Furthermore, the antibiofilm and anti-adhesion properties of graphene oxide in prevention of dental biofilm infections, dental caries, dental erosion as well as for implant surface modification and as anti-quorum sensing agent. Composites are most often utilised materials for restoration in the field of dentistry due to adhesive resins' improved mechanical and cosmetic properties. To safeguard the dentin and prevent dental cavities, dentin adhesives are utilised to affix hydrophobic resin composites to hydrophilic dentin tissue. Dental adhesives have a harder time adhering to dentin because it contains more water and is less mineralized than enamel. This makes the method more sensitive. As a result, it was chosen to assess and contrast the impact of 5% Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and 2% Graphene oxide nanoparticles, both separately and together, on the Micro tensile bond strength of 5th generation adhesive. Graphene oxide is the most versatile form of Graphite in structural and functional configuration. Graphene oxide possess extraordinary physical, chemical, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Among the graphene family nanomaterials, the reduced form of Graphite adding the oxygenated functional group to the structure increases the surface area and therefore exhibits enviable excellent interaction ability with metal and ions as well as organic species. Graphene oxide in dentistry has provided outstanding results in antimicrobial action, regenerative dentistry, bone tissue engineering, drug delivery, physicochemical property, enhancement of dental biomaterials and oral cancer treatment.