Organic–inorganic mixed halide perovskites have emerged as an excellent class of materials with a unique combination of optoelectronic properties, suitable for a plethora of applications ranging from solar cells to light‐emitting diodes and photoelectrochemical devices. Recent works have showcased hybrid perovskites for electronic applications through improvements in materials design, processing, and device stability. Herein, a comprehensive up‐to‐date review is presented on hybrid perovskite electronics with a focus on transistors and memories. These applications are supported by the fundamental material properties of hybrid perovskite semiconductors such as tunable bandgap, ambipolar charge transport, reasonable mobility, defect characteristics, and solution processability, which are highlighted first. Then, recent progresses on perovskite‐based transistors are reviewed, covering aspects of fabrication process, patterning techniques, contact engineering, 2D versus 3D material selection, and device performance. Furthermore, applications of perovskites in nonvolatile memories and artificial synaptic devices are presented. The ambient instability of hybrid perovskites and the strategies to tackle this bottleneck are also discussed. Finally, an outlook and opportunities to develop perovskite‐based electronics as a competitive and feasible technology are highlighted.
Contact engineering is a prerequisite for achieving desirable functionality and performance of semiconductor electronics, which is particularly critical for organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskites due to their ionic nature and highly reactive interfaces. Although the interfaces between perovskites and charge‐transporting layers have attracted lots of attention due to the photovoltaic and light‐emitting diode applications, achieving reliable perovskite/electrode contacts for electronic devices, such as transistors and memories, remains as a bottleneck. Herein, a critical review on the elusive nature of perovskite/electrode interfaces with a focus on the interfacial electrochemistry effects is presented. The basic guidelines of electrode selection are given for establishing non‐polarized interfaces and optimal energy level alignment for perovskite materials. Furthermore, state‐of‐the‐art strategies on interface‐related electrode engineering are reviewed and discussed, which aim at achieving ohmic transport and eliminating hysteresis in perovskite devices. The role and multiple functionalities of self‐assembled monolayers that offer a unique approach toward improving perovskite/electrode contacts are also discussed. The insights on electrode engineering pave the way to advancing stable and reliable perovskite devices in diverse electronic applications.
Harvesting energy from the ambient mechanical energy by using flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator is a revolutionary step toward achieving reliable and green energy source.Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a flexible polymer, can be a potential candidate for the nanogenerator if its piezoelectric property can be enhanced. In the present work, we have shown that the polar crystalline β-phase of PVDF, which is responsible for the piezoelectric property, can be enhanced from 48.2% to 76.1% just by adding ZnO nanorods into the PVDF matrix without any mechanical or electrical treatment. A systematic investigation of PVDF-ZnO nanocomposite films by using X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and polarization-
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