Study design Prospective pre–post study. Objectives International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) represents the most frequently used assessment to determine the level and severity of a spinal cord injury (SCI). The guidelines for ISNCSCI are complex and challenging. Knowledge of its correct execution needs to be imparted precisely. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hands-on instructional courses can increase the knowledge of the ISNCSCI examination guidelines. Setting European Multicenter Study about SCI. Methods Before and after the instructional courses, participants were asked to complete questionnaires. The set of questions covered the most important aspects of the examination guidelines. Attendees were asked to self-rate their occupation and experience in ISNCSCI. Results The comparison of pretest and posttest results of 164 attendees from 2014 to 2018 revealed an improvement of knowledge reflected by an increase of correct answers from 66 ± 17% before to 89 ± 11% after the course (p < 0.01). The improvement was not associated with occupation (p > 0.1). However, the correctness of pretest results differed concerning both the period of experience with ISNCSCI (p < 0.05) and the course language (p < 0.01), while the frequency of execution resulted in differences in the posttest (p = 0.01). Conclusions Instructional courses substantially improve knowledge of the ISNCSCI examination guidelines. Differences in knowledge present before the course leveled off after the course. Comprehensive theoretical training is strongly recommended to ensure reliability and validity of ISNCSCI examinations in clinical routine and research. Albeit being practiced in the instructional courses, the benefit of hands-on training still needs to be systematically evaluated in future studies.
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Primäres Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Risikofaktoren für die Verordnung potentiell inadäquater Medikamente (PIM) anhand der PRISCUS-Liste bei stationären Heimbewohnern im Jahr 2017 zu identifizieren. Methoden Es erfolgte eine Analyse von GKV-Routinedaten zu versicherten Heimbewohnern ab 65 Jahren der Allgemeinen Ortskrankenkassen (AOKen) aus dem Jahr 2017. PIMs wurden anhand der PRISCUS-Liste identifiziert. Einflüsse von Risikofaktoren wurden in einer multivariaten logistischen Regression ermittelt. Ergebnisse Die Untersuchungspopulation im Jahr 2017 umfasste 259 328 Heimbewohner, von denen 25,5% mindestens ein PIM erhielten (Frauen: 25,6%; Männer: 24,9%). Weibliche sowie jüngere Heimbewohner wiesen ein erhöhtes Risiko für mindestens eine PRISCUS-Verordnung auf. Multimedikation, eine steigende Anzahl an ambulant behandelnden Ärzten und an Krankenhausaufenthalten stellten weitere Risikofaktoren dar. Zudem zeigen sich deutliche Verordnungsunterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Bundesländern. Schlussfolgerung PIM-Verordnungen sind bei Heimbewohnern häufig und insofern ein relevantes Thema im Hinblick auf die Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit. Nicht auf Bewohnermerkmale zurückzuführende, sondern auch regionale Unterschiede verweisen auf Modifikationsmöglichkeiten und einen weiteren Forschungsbedarf.
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