INTRODUCTION: On the date of 15 July 2016 a terrorist organization launched a terrorist attack using helicopters and heavy combat weapons in the city centers of Istanbul and Ankara simultaneously. Numerous civilian were hurt and many of them lost their lives during the attacks. Terrorism is a form of combat designed to cause the highest psychological influence on the masses. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychological disorders after such disasters. The aim of this study is to determine the associated risk factors and PTSD rates in healthcare professionals who were on call during the 15 July 2016 terrorist attacks. METHOD: Since the hospital is in a neighbouring the street to where terror attacks occurred, all healthcare professionals ≥ 18 years of age who were on duty that night in the Dr. Ridvan Ege Training and Research Hospital and were auditory or visual witnesses of the event were included in the study as the first group while healthcare professionals who work in the same hospital but were not on duty that night were included as the control group. RESULTS: The mean post-traumatic diagnostic scale stress score of the control group was 11.87. The mean post-traumatic diagnostic scale stress score of the Group 1 was 21.91. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of posttraumatic diagnostic scale stress score (p < 0.05). While the healthcare professionals on duty on July 15, 2016 (Group 1) had moderate-severe (21.91 ± 5.11) stress disorder, the healthcare professionals who were not at the hospital on July 15, 2016 (Control Group) had moderate stress disorder (11.87 ± 6.86). CONCLUSION: Our country is at risk from the fact that such attacks may be experienced again because of its unique conditions. The results of our work support the data on the high level of exposure to PTSD when exposed to a terrorist attack. For this reason, the identification of the characteristics of pre-traumatic health individuals at risk is useful in planning the presentation of preventive and curative health services. At the same time, there is a need for longer-term work and wider samples to reveal the psychological consequences of such attacks.

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Executive SummaryNomination Dimethylethanolamine (DMAE) was nominated by the NIEHS for toxicological characterization, including metabolism, reproductive and developmental toxicity, subchronic toxicity, carcinogenicity and mechanistic studies. The nomination is based on the potential for widespread human exposure to DMAE through its use in industrial and consumer products and an inadequate toxicological database. Studies to address potential hazards of consumer (e.g. dietary supplement) exposures, including use by pregnant women and children, and the potential for reproductive effects and carcinogenic effects are limited. DMAE and related ethanolamines appear to interfere with choline uptake and utilization and may also generate nitrosamines. Further studies are recommended to address these data gaps with special attention to pharmacokinetics and the influence of dietary choline. Consideration should be given to whether the bitartrate salt of DMAE (a form commonly used in dietary supplements) or other DMAE derivative is more appropriate than the free base for use in toxicology studies. Nontoxicological DataChemical Identification The principal compounds related to DMAE [108-01-0] that have common commercial uses and are discussed in this report, are DMAE aceglumate [3342-61-8], DMAE p-acetamidobenzoate (an ester) [2811-31-6], DMAE p-acetamidobenzoate (a salt); Deaner  [3635-74-3], DMAE bitartrate [5988 51-2], DMAE dihydrogen phosphate [6909-62-2], DMAE hydrochloride [2498-25-1], DMAE orotate [1446-06-6], DMAE succinate; tonibral [10549-59-4], centrophenoxine; dimethylethanolamine p-chlorophenoxyacetate hydrochloride [3685-84-5], centrophenoxine orotate [27166-15-0], and meclofenoxate; DMAE p-chlorophenoxyacetate [51-68-3].

InTrodUCTIon: With the increase in the population of the elderly, the negligence and abuse of the elderly (NAE) is increasing at a great pace. Although the rates of NAE in the elderly admitted to emergency department (ED) is more than the estimated rates, the diagnosis and reporting of such cases are extremely rare. The primary aim of the present study is to evaluate the NAE status in the elderly admitted to ED, the awareness in ED physicians, the attitudes towards these cases and the knowledge levels in this field. Methods: An electronic questionnaire form that was used as the data collection tool consisted of 19 questions and 2 sections. To call for participation, the questionnaires used in the study were shared with the ED physicians in an online manner between December 2017 and April 2018. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 Windows computer program with definitive statistics. rESUlTS: A total of 69.4% of the participants faced NAE and 30% did not report this; 79.8% of the participants stated that they had received training in this field and 9% stated that there was a screening test for the abuse of the elderly. A statistically significant difference was determined between those who received course training in this field and those who received training during medicine faculty education and specialist training. ConClUSIonS: In this study, it was observed that the NAE rates were more than the estimated rates in the elderly admitted to ED. It was understood that ED physicians did not have adequate knowledge in this field. A new curriculum is needed for the training and education in this field.