Coagulation is water treatment process to remove suspended and colloidal material. Alum is a chemical often used as coagulant. The use of alum can cause trouble because the resulting inorganic residue which is carcinogenic can interfere with environment and health and is not biodegradable. This prompts to make use of coagulant from natural material such as chitosan. Chitosan can be produced from shells of mussel and crab which are very abundant in Indonesia. Production of shells from mussle and crab could potentially be a waste because it has not been utilized well. One of the utilization of shells from mussel and crab is to make chitosan as coagulant. The purpose of this study is testing the efficiency of chitosan from mussel shells and crab shells to be used as coagulant. Stages in this experiment include characterization of chitosan, synthetic water preparation as sample, jartest, and parameters test including turbidity, organic matter, and iron. In this

Sponges are often used as a reference for pollutant bioindicators, (pollution of heavy metals and poly aromatic hydrocarbons. Porosity of the sponge body is used as host microorganisms, especially bacteria and fungi. Phenotypic characterization and symbiotic genotypes of Niphates sp. molecular rRNA gene 2 of Nephates sp as symbionts isolates showed a positive reaction to methyl red (acid producer), VR, citrate (has a genetic carrier enzyme), lactose and catalase (acidic). This data shows that both isolates of Niphates sp can make carbon as a nutrient source of energy: Genotypic analysis of 2 isolates of Nephates sp in the phases of amplification and alignment of the sample gene homolog series on the Bank gene concluded that the 2 isolates were Bacillus cohnii strain DSM 6307 (BC) and Bacillus pumilus strain GLB197 (BP). (Fenantrena) shows growth cell cells based on parameters of increased optical density, gas bubbles formed, changes in media pH and fermentation odor arises.