The effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomi zeylanicum) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oils on the acceptibility of cereal-based baits to house mice in storage facilities was examined. The effects of three concentrations, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 %, were tested for optimization purposes. The experiments were performed in a mill storage, and in another storage for seeds and seedlings. Attractiveness of the examined concentrations of cinnamon and clove essential oils was statistically significant, compared to placebo bait, within seven days of the experiment. On the seventh day, the average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % concentrations of cinnamon oil was 46 % in the mill storage, i.e. 35.5 % more than placebo baits were consumed. Fourteen days after the beginning of the experiment, no significant difference was detected in the consumption of baits offered in the mill storage. On the other hand, a significant difference was revealed regarding the consumption of examined baits in the seed and seedling storage. The average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % cinnamon oil was 47 % and 51 % higher after 14 days than the consumption of placebo bait. Compared to the other test baits, those containing cinnamon essential oil at 0.75 % and 1 % concentration demonstrated better attractiveness without mutual statistically significant differences.

In this study, the sorption characteristics of nicosulfuron herbicide in soils from different agricultural regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as factors influencing the sorption process, were evaluated. The analysis was performed using a batch equilibrium method. The obtained results showed that soils in Bosnia and Herzegovina are very versatile in terms of their characteristics. The Freundlich adsorption coefficient (K_f) coefficient ranged from 0.027 to 7.388, while the slope of the Freundlich isotherm (1/n) varied from 0.291 to 1.927. In soils with pH 4.31–7.60, 1/n was found to be less than 1 (0.337–0.547), and for the extremely alkaline soil with pH 8.2, 1/n was 1.927. Adsorption of nicosulfuron in the tested soils of Bosnia and Herzegovina was significantly correlated with the sand and silt content in the soil. Multiple linear regression correlating log K_f with the sand and silt content in the studied soils was also statistically significant (R² = 0.951; P = 0.0108). The results of this study indicate that in sandy soils, which are slightly or moderately alkaline, the adsorption of nicosulfuron is very low and only a small amount of nicosulfuron will be adsorbed.

Pheromone traps were placed in the market place in Banja Luka, and in greenhouses and open field tomato crops, on 13 September 2010 to determine the presence of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Banja Luka region. Based on examination of traps, the presence of T. absoluta was confirmed for the first time in the Republic of Srpska. Only mines of Liriomyza species were found by examining leaves under a stereomicroscope. In 2011, pheromone traps were placed in greenhouses at several locations (Banja Luka, Prijedor, Novi Grad, Kozarska Dubica, Ljubinje and Trebinje) at the beginning of June, and in open fields in Bijeljina and Trebinje at the beginning of September. Examination of the traps was carried out at intervals of 15 days. A sample of 100 leaves, taken from 20 randomly selected plants, was examined in order to evaluate the intensity of the attack. The first adults were caught in greenhouses in Ljubinje and Trebinje on 18 June 2011; in open field crops in Bijeljina on 9 September 2011 and in Banja Luka on 5 October 2011. Adults were not captured in Prijedor, Novi Grad or Kozarska Dubica, and no mined leaves were observed. The intensity of attack was evaluated on the basis of active infestation (percentage of leaves with active mines compared with all mined leaves). The strongest intensity of active infestation was recorded in the open field crops in Trebinje, where 19% of leaves with active mines were found.

Xanthium species are native to America, although it has been shown that reintroduction has occurred between the Old and the New World. Owing to the selective colonization of certain genotypes, these species are adapted to different habitats and have so far successfully colonized a vast number of habitats in many countries. Although Xanthium species can be used for medicinal purposes (extracts of X. strumarium have been used for cancer treatment, because they inhibit the development of cancer cells and are also used for treating inflammatory diseases), due to its toxicity (high amounts of carboxyatractyloside) and wide distribution in agricultural, ruderal and coastal areas, in most countries they are characterized as invasive weed species. These species invade many different crops, such as maize, wheat, soybean, potato, sunflower, tomatoes, tobacco, rape, orchards and vineyard, and can sometimes also be found in grain crops, when full tillering fails to occur. Nomenclature and identification of the plant material follows modern systematic principles according to Kiraly (2009) and the Plant List (2019). The distribution of the identified species is presented on UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) maps. The distribution of the studied species was presented with the digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Model, DEM) of B&H with a resolution of 20x20 m in a 10x10 km grid. Quantitative representation of Xanthium species was done by a modified Braun Blanquet (1965) model. This work represents a detailed study of the distribution of Xanthium species in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). In the study are, morphological determination has confirmed the presence of two species: X. spinosum and X. orientale. Within the species X. orientale, two subspecies were identified: X. orientale L. subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter and X. orientale L. subsp. riparium (Čelak.) Greuter.. Based on the results of the distribution and number of identified species, it can be concluded that in the studied area X. orientale subsp. italicum is a widespread weed species . Even though X. orientale subsp. riparium was found on only one location, due to the occurrence of cross-polination between subspecies, and even species, it can be said that the species X. orientale has an invasive character. Considering that the presence of X. spinosum was ascertained only in the southern parts of B&H, it can be characterized as a harmful weed species which is not in expansion.

Nicosulfuron belongs to the sulfonylurea pesticides, which are widely used for weeds control. Except of benefits in plant production, long-term application of nicosulfuron may have toxic effect for living organisms, including microorganisms. The aim of this paper was to determined impact of nicosulfuron on microbial diversity of soil. treated with nicosulfuron at village Trenica (Novi Travnik municipality, Bosnia and Herzegovina) was performed in autumn 2017. Determination of microbial diversity (total number of bacteria, ammonification bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) was performed using standard methodology, whilst nicosulfuron-tolerant bacteria were isolated using enrichment method. Soil without nicosulfuron application was used as a control. The results showed that bacteria were most abundant microbial population. In all experiments, reduction of microbial diversity in nicosulfuron-treated soil compared to untreated was observed. This reduction was most expressed in fungal number, which is reduced from 38 to 60% compared to control. Several nicosulfuron-tolerant isolates were isolated by enrichment method. By microscopic observation and using API test kits and APIWEB database, isolates 17cs, and 22wl and 5 wl were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. These bacterial isolates could be applied in remediation of environments polluted by nicosulfuron.