The aim of this study was to conduct a unified investigation of various, previously mostly individually studied scientific article title characteristics, like: title length, type, amusement and pleasantness, and specific title ‘markers’ (e.g. colons, attention-grabbing words etc.) in relation to subsequent article citation and download rates. Based on a sample of 129 psychology ScienceDirect’s Top 25 Hottest Articles (i.e. highly downloaded articles) and 129 articles not appearing on the Top 25 list (i.e. less downloaded articles), we determined that the most relevant title characteristics were the title length and the title amusement/humour. The partial least squares model revealed that shorter titles were associated with more citations, but the effect was fully mediated by the journal impact, suggesting that the observed citational benefits of the shorter titles might be an artefact of some higher journal impact related attribute (perhaps editorial or peer review process). Title amusement level was slightly correlated with downloads, but with no association with citations. Additionally, downloads correlated positively with citations, and more amusing titles tended to be shorter. While these findings are limited to the psychology discipline only, our results suggest that the integrative structural approach is promising and that more research following this paradigm is needed before empirically grounded recommendations for good title writing can be given.
Individualism and collectivism are some of the most widely applied concepts in cultural and cross-cultural research. They are commonly applied by scholars who use arithmetic means or sum indexes of items on a scale to examine the potential similarities and differences in samples from various countries. For many reasons, cross-cultural research implicates numerous methodological and statistical pitfalls. The aim of this article is to summarize some of those pitfalls, particularly the problem of measurement non-invariance, which stems from the different understandings of questionnaire items or even different character of constructs between countries. This potential bias is reduced by latent mean comparisons performed with Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis and the Measurement Invariance procedure within a Structural Equation Modeling framework. These procedures have been neglected by many researchers in the field of cross-cultural psychology, however. In this article, we compare ‘traditional’ (comparison of arithmetic means) and ‘invariant’ (latent mean comparison) approaches and provide necessary R source codes for replications of measurement invariance and latent mean comparisons within other scales. Both approaches are demonstrated with real data gathered on an Independent and Interdependent Self-Scale from 1386 participants across six countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Macedonia and Albania). Our results revealed considerable differences between the ‘invariant’ and ‘traditional’ approaches, especially in post-hoc analyses. Since ‘invariant’ results can be considered less biased, this finding suggests that the currently prevalent method of comparing the arithmetic means of cross-cultural scales of individualism and collectivism can potentially cause biased results.
Ovo istraživanje bavi se konstrukcijom i preliminarnom evaluacijom testa fonološke svijesti na srpskom jeziku, u skladu sa aktuelnim preporukama iz svjetske literature o nužnosti operacionalnog i terminološkog razlikovanja fonemske i fonološke svijesti i uvažavanja distinkcije između nefonemskih i fonemskih fonoloških zadataka. Istraživanje je sprovedeno nad 96 ispitanika vrtićkog i mlađeg osnovnoškolskog uzrasta. Ajtemi (njih 42) sa zadržanih sedam skala oformljenog test, koji je nazvan FONT, podvrgnuti su (ULS) faktorskoj analizi. Dobijeno je hijerarhijsko rješenje, sa tri promax faktora prvog reda: Napredna fonemska svijest, Početna fonemska i napredna nefonemska fonološka svijest i Slogovna svijest. Sva tri faktora svojom sadržinom, u principu, predstavljaju 'faktore težine'. Na hijerarhijski višem nivou dobijeno je unifaktorsko rješenje, imenovano kao Fonološka svijest. Na osnovu Schmid-Leiman solucije, utvrđeno je da je faktor drugog reda od primarne praktične važnosti. Test ima vrlo visoku internu konzistentnost (Cronbachova ? = .96). Za praktične potrebe, formirane su i okvirne normativne kategorije. Tako ponderisani skor korelira sa opštom inteligencijom (? = .47, p < .001). Pri tome je u snažnijoj vezi sa ekspertski procijenjenim nivoom razvijenosti verbalnih sposobnosti, nego što je to inteligencija (? = .66, p < .001, nasuprot ? = .55, p < .001), što sugeriše da je riječ o praktično potencijalno vrlo korisnom testu. Diskutovane su implikacije i ograničenja istraživanja, uz preporuke za sukcesivne studije.
Ovo pilot istraživanje, polazeći od pretpostavke o stresnosti inkluzivne reforme na same edukatore, tretira dva pitanja: strukturu stavova o inkluziji prosvjetnih radnika u Republici Srpskoj i vezu tih stavova sa sindromom izgaranja na radnom mjestu. Istraživanje je sprovedeno nad 115 učitelja i nastavnika iz 11 osnovnih škola sa područja Opštine Prijedor, Republika Srpska. Na osnovu rezultata dvije prethodne fokus grupe, formiran je upitnik o stavovima o inkluziji – SINKL. Nakon eliminacije ajtema sa lošim metrijskim karakteristikama, zadržana je 27-ajtemska verzija skale, u čijem prostoru je faktorskom analizom identifikovano postojanje 3 relevantne dimenzije (objašnjavaju ukupno 37.94% dijeljene varijanse), postavljene u Promax poziciju: Parcijalna inkluzija, Prihvaćenost i prilagođenost i Saradnja i podrška. Sve skale pokazale su zadovoljavajuća psihometrijska svojstva. Veza sa sindromom izgaranja ispitana je uz pomoć linearne regresione analize. Kao prediktori su posmatrani skorovi 3 SINKL dimenzije, 5 osobina ličnosti i kontrolni skor 99-ajtemskog Zuckerman-Kuhlmanovog upitnika ličnost, te broj djece sa posebnim potrebama kojima edukator predaje. Kriterijum je predstavljao skor 20-ajtemske Skale sindroma izgaranja kod nastavnika. Dobijen je statistički značajan model umjerenog intenziteta (R2 = .211, p<.01), sa SINKL varijablom Prihvaćenost i prilagođenost kao negativnim i osobinom ličnosti Neuroticizam / anksioznost kao pozitivnim prediktorom izgaranja na radnom mjestu, čime je potvrđena veza učešća u inkluzivnoj nastavi i doživljaja distresa kod prosvjetnih radnika. Rezultati sugerišu važnost provjere mehanizama kojima se ovaj efekat ostvaruje, kako u cilju mitigacije štetnih efekata, tako i u cilju unaprjeđenja nastavnog procesa u cjelini.
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