Red betel plant (Piper crocatum) has been empirically used to cure diabetes mellitus. However, data regarding this plant are still limited. The aim of this study was to find antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of 70% ethanol-diluted extract of Piper crocatum leaves. Thirty Wistar rats aged 4 months were divided into 6 groups (I-VI) randomly. The groups of I-IV were injected with 40 mg i.p streptozotosin to induce DM. All groups were treated for 21 days. Group I (normal control group) and group II (diabetic control group) were given normal saline, while group III, IV, and V were treated with various doses of 70% ethanol-diluted extract of Piper crocatum  leaves (50, 100, 200 mg/kg.b.w/day). Group VI (positive control group) was given glibenclamide 0,9 mg/kg.b.w/day. On day 21, the body weight, fasting blood glucose, plasma MDA, and insulin levels of all rats were examined. The data were processed using statistics to determine the effectiveness of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the extract. A significant decrease in fasting blood glucose and plasma MDA levels were observed in group III, IV, and V (p=0,00), when compared to group II (diabetic control group). A significant increase in body weight (p=0,04) and plasma insulin levels (p=0,008) occurred in group V only. In conclusion, seventy percent ethanol-diluted extract of Piper crocatum leaves has potential antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.

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Introduction: Exercise has been believed to be an important step in treating and preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus complications. The circadian rhythm influences systems in the body, including antioxidants in the human body. By synchronizing exercise with exercise time, it will maximize the benefits of exercise for health. Aim: Examining the effect of morning and afternoon exercise on increasing antioxidants and improving oxidative stress in patients with T2DM. Methods: Twenty-two T2DM patients were randomly assigned to morning and afternoon exercise groups. The exercise treatment in this study was in the form of diabetes Persadia gymnastic, for 10 weeks. All participants were taken venous blood before exercise and after the tenth week. The data examined consisted of GPx-1 (Glutathione Peroxidase-1) and MDA (malodialdehyde). The pre and post data were statistically processed using a comparative test. Results: After 10 weeks of exercise, GPx-1 levels increased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). The increase in this enzyme was considerably greater (p<0.05) in the morning group than in the afternoon group (130.37 ± 2.4 h/ml VS 72.38 ± 3.93 h/ml). MDA levels decreased significantly in morning and afternoon groups (p<0.05). The decrease in MDA was significantly greater (p<0.05) in the morning than in the afternoon exercise group (8.22 ± 0.36 nmol/ml VS 5.2 ± 0.86 nmol/ml). Conclusions: Exercise in the morning was more effective in improving oxidative stress by increasing glutathione peroxidase-1 enzyme and reducing malondialdehyde in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Keywords: Exercise; Glutathione Peroxidase; Malondialdehyde, T2DM.

<p><strong>Pendahuluan: </strong>Jumlah kasus penyakit kardiovaskular (PKV) di dunia menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkat termasuk di Indonesia. Kabupaten Sukoharjo di Jawa Tengah melaporkan adanya peningkatan penyakit hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus (DM) yang menjadi faktor risiko penting PKV. Penyakit hipertensi dan DM merupakan penyakit penyerta utama pada kasus <em>coronavirus disease</em> 2019 (COVID-19) sehingga dapat memperburuk gejala dan menyebabkan kematian. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan edukasi tentang pencegahan dan deteksi dini PKV di wilayah Kecamatan Kartasura, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah di masa pandemi COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Metode: </strong>Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan di RT 03 RW 02 desa Gowongan, Pucangan, Kartasura, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah. Metode pengabdian yang dilakukan berupa pelatihan pengukuran denyut nadi latihan, <em>talk show </em> mengenai pencegahan dan deteksi dini PKV serta pemeriksaan kesehatan berupa pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan kadar gula darah.</p><p><strong>Hasil dan pembahasan: </strong>Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini peserta mendapatkan informasi yang valid mengenai pencegahan dan deteksi dini PKV. Selain itu, kegiatan ini menstimulasi keperdulian peserta untuk melakukan upaya pencegahan dan deteksi dini melalui pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan kadar gula darah. Hasil lain yang didapatkan adalah peserta dapat melakukan pengukuran denyut nadi latihan secara mandiri untuk mengoptimalkan olahraga yang dilakukan.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan: </strong>Edukasi pencegahan dan deteksi dini PKV kepada masyarakat <em>talkshow</em>, pelatihan dan layanan kesehatan telah terlaksana dengan baik. Kegiatan ini dapat memberikan informasi valid kepada masyarakat dan memacu keperdulian masyarakat untuk melakukan upaya pencegahan dan deteksi dini PKV.</p>

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRA</strong><strong>K</strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p><strong>Pendahuluan : </strong>Hormon Tiroid memiliki peran yang penting terhadap perkembangan dan fungsi organ reproduksi wanita. Pasien wanita dengan hipotiroidisme seringkali mengalami abnormalitas pada sistem reproduksi, termasuk terlambatnya usia <em>menarche</em>, gangguan siklus haid dan gangguan kesuburan. Mekanisme abnormalitas menstruasi pada hipotiroidisme belum sepenuhnya diketahui. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gangguan fungsi sistem reproduksi lebih awal, sehingga penanganan gangguan reproduksi lanjut dapat di cegah.</p><p><strong>Metode<em> : </em></strong>Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan metode <em>cross sectional</em>. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kecamatan Ngargoyoso, kabupaten Karanganyar dengan jumlah sampel 80 sampel yaitu 40 sampel untuk kelompok hipotiroidisme (+) dan 40 sampel untuk kelompok hipotiroidisme (-). Diagnosis hipotiroidisme dilakukan dengan menggunakan <em>Zulewski’s Clinical Scoring </em>dengan kriteria WHO/ICCIDD. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji t<em>. </em></p><p><strong>Hasil : </strong>Pada group hipotiroidisme (+) kelompok usia terbanyak usia 40-45 tahun (35%). Mayoritas memiliki pekerjaan petani (40%) dan ibu rumah tangga (37,5%). Pendidikan terakhir SLTP (40%) dan diikuti dengan pendidikan terakhir SD (32,5%).</p><p>Rata rata usia <em>menarche</em> pada group hipotyroidisme (+)  (14,08 tahun ), lebih tinggi dibanding group hipotyroidisme (-)  (12,53 tahun), namun secara statistik perbedaan usia <em>menarche</em> pada kedua group itu tidak signifikan (p=0,098).</p><p><strong><em>Kesimpulan</em></strong><strong> </strong>Status hipotyroidisme (+) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap permulaan usia <em>menarche. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>hipotiroidisme; menarche;hormon thyroid</em></p><p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Introduction</em></strong><em>. Thyroid hormones have an important role in the development and function of the female reproductive organs. Female patients with hypothyroidism often experience abnormalities in the reproductive system, including the late age of menarche, menstrual cycle disorders and fertility disorders. The mechanism of menstrual abnormalities in hypothyroidism is not yet fully known. The aim to know the reproductive system dysfunction earlier, so treatment of advanced reproductive disorders can be prevented. </em></p><p><strong><em>Method. </em></strong><em>This study was an observational analytic study with case control method. This research was conducted in Ngargoyoso sub-district, Karanganyar district. The samples were womens 20-45 years old,  40 samples for the hypothyroidism (+) group  and 40 samples for the hypothyroidism (-) group. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism was done using Zulewski’s Clinical Scoring with WHO / ICCIDD criteria.</em><em> </em><em>Patients with a score of 5 or more indicate hypothyroidism, while a score of 0-2 indicates euthyroid. </em><em> The data obtained were analyzed using the t test.</em></p><p><em></em><strong><em>Results. </em></strong><em>In the hypothyroidism (+) group  the most age group </em><em>was</em><em> 40-45 years old (35%). The majority have farmer jobs (40%) and housewives (37.5%). Whereas the last education was junior high school (40%) and was followed by the last primary education (32.5%). The average age of menarche in the hypothyroidism (+) group (14.08 years), was higher than the hypothyroidism (-) group  (12.53 years), but statistically the age difference in menarche in the two groups was not significant (p = 0.098).</em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>. Hypothyroidism status d</em><em>id</em><em>n’t significantly influence the onset of menarche.</em><em> H</em><em>ypothyroidism has no significant effect on the late age of menarche</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: hypothyroidism; </em></strong><strong><em>menarche</em></strong><strong><em>; thyroid hormone</em></strong><strong></strong></p><p><em></em><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"> </p>