Chronic kidney diseases (CKD), a common outcome of various kidney diseases, cause a series of refractory complications, which lead to great economic burdens on patients. The clinical outcomes of CKD depend on various factors, including metabolic disorders. Leptin, a peptide hormone, produced in adipose tissues, plays an important role in regulating food consumption and energy expenditure. Leptin also influences the immune system and hematopoiesis. Increased leptin status is observed in CKD, leptin deficiency attenuates the immune response in nephritis. Conversely, leptin inhibits the development of obesity, which is closely associated glomerular disorder. Now, the precise role of leptin in CKD remains elusive. This review will give an integrated understanding of the potential role of leptin and its interactions with other signal molecules in CKD.

Purpose. Analysis of the effectiveness of in-hospital transfer care based on the STABLE (sugar and safe care, temperature, airway, blood pressure, lab work, emotional support) technique in critically ill neonates. Methods. Retrospective analysis of the case data of 180 critically ill neonates transferred to the NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) via the delivery room (operating room) in our hospital from April 2020 to December 2021. Of which, 88 newborns from April 2020 to February 2021 were resuscitated by conventional resuscitation and then transferred to the NICU by the nurses in the delivery room (operating room) through the green channel, and they were recorded as the control group; and 92 newborns from March to December 2021 were transferred to the NICU by the NICU transfer nurses who arrived at the delivery room (operating room) earlier and used the in-hospital transfer care based on STABLE technology, and they were recorded as the intervention group. The indicators to be assessed were the execution pass rate in the simulated assessment of the transfer emergency procedure for both groups of transporters, execution times of the various subprocesses during the transfer procedure for both groups of transporters, accidents in transit, and blood glucose, blood pressure, body temperature, respiration, blood gas indicators, and family satisfaction of children in both groups after transfer. Results. The total execution pass rate for transporters was higher in the intervention group than in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The execution times of the various subprocesses during the transfer procedure of transporters were shorter in the intervention group than in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The incidence of accidents in transit was lower in the intervention group than in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). After transfer, the blood glucose, blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory, and blood gas indicators of the children in the intervention group were all more stable than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The satisfaction of the families of the children in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The implementation of transfer care based on STABLE technology for newborns in urgent need of in-hospital transfer can effectively improve the comprehensive quality and emergency response ability of transfer nurses and shorten the in-hospital transfer time, and the incidence of adverse reactions during the transfer of children is less, the vital signs are stable, and the satisfaction of family members is high, which is of promotion value.

Background: In recent years, more and more reports are focused on the application of traditional Chinese medicine injection (TCMJ) for the treatment of viral pneumonia. There are about 200 million cases of viral pneumonia worldwide every year, half of which are children. At present, many kinds of TCMJ are created for the treatment of viral pneumonia in children, with good therapeutic effects. However, there are many kinds of TCMJ, and the treatment advantages are different, thus bringing difficulties to the selection of clinical drugs. In order to provide evidence-based evidence support for the clinical selection of TCMJ for the treatment of viral pneumonia in children, this study selected the commonly used TCMJ for clinical treatment of viral pneumonia for meta-analysis to evaluate its efficacy. Methods: The Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Viper information databases, Cochran library Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE will be searched. The literature will be searched, with language restriction in English and Chinese. The related reference will be retrieved as well. Two reviewers will independently extract data and perform quality assessment of included studies. Review Manager 5.3 will be applied to conduct this meta-analysis. Results: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal once we finish this study. Conclusions: This study provides reliable evidence-based evidence for the efficacy of TCMJ in the treatment of viral pneumonia in children. Ethics and dissemination: We will not be allowed to publish private information from individuals. This kind of systematic review should not harm the rights of participants. No ethical approval was required. The results can be published in peer-reviewed journals or at relevant conferences. OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/795MB.