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This study was designed to examine the effect of moderate (MR) and high resistance (HR) training on systemic inflammation and circulating enzymatic antioxidant activity. Thirty males were assigned to HR (n = 10), MR (n = 10), or control (C; n = 10) groups. Resistance training was performed for eight weeks. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), creatine kinase (CK), and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured before and after training in plasma. The results show increased SOD activity in MR (p = 0.026) and HR (p = 0.044) groups. GPX activity in HR (p = 0.012) and MR (p = 0.037) increased significantly more than in C. Whilst a significant reduction in MDA in MR (p = 0.013) and HR (p = 0.023) was observed compared with C, no significant difference in IL-6, TNF-α and CK occurred between groups. We conclude that changes in enzymatic antioxidant defense and inflammatory markers following resistance training are independent of training intensity.

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Background: It is well known that green tea has antioxidant properties. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the effects of green tea on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress indices in humans during high intensity resistance training, especially in obese men. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of green tea extract supplementation during high intensity resistance exercise training on oxidative stress and systemic inflammation indices in obese men. Methods: Twenty obese men (body mass index ≥ 30) voluntarily participated in the current study and were randomly assigned to groups of green tea and high intensity resistance training (RT) (GR; n = 10) and placebo and high intensity resistance training (PR; n = 10). RT was performed three times a week on non-consecutive days for eight weeks. The training started at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), and training intensity reached to 90-95% of 1RM till the end of the eighth week. The GR group consumed a green tea capsule (500 mg) each day during the eight weeks. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention and were tested for malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Concentrations of ofinterleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in plasma were also measured. Results: The results indicated significant (P < 0.05) or near significant improvements in all the measured blood parameters with training, but no further effects (interactions) with ingestion of green tea. Also, we found that there was not any significant relationship between MDA and TAC changes and TNF-alpha and IL-6 in either group after RT intervention and supplementation (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Thus, it can be stated that low-dose green tea supplementation does not influence inflammatory and oxidative stress indices when provided along with exercise training.

We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on selected circulating adipokines and other cardiovascular diseases risks factors in men with obesity. Thirty men with obesity (age: 24.96 ± 3.11 year, BMI: 30.92 ± 1.04 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to HIIT and control groups. The HIIT group participated in a 12-week HIIT program (5×2 min interval bout at an intensity of 85-95% HRmax interspersed by 1 min passive recovery, three times per week), while the control group maintained their usual lifestyles. Blood lipids, insulin resistance, and select serum adipokines were assessed before and after 12 weeks of the intervention period. HIIT improved body composition and lipid profiles (p<0.05) and also decreased fasting insulin levels (p=0.001) and HOMA-IR (p=0.002) levels. Furthermore, HIIT increased levels of lipocalin-2 (p=0.002) while decreasing omentin-1 levels (p=0.001) in men with obesity. Changes in lcn2 and omentin-1 concentrations correlated with the changes in risk factors in the HIIT group (p<0.05). The results indicate that 12 weeks of supervised HIIT significantly improves both circulating concentrations of lcn2 and omentin-1, two recently described adipokines, and risk markers of cardiovascular diseases in men with obesity. Further research is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms involved with these changes.