No abstract

Digitization has become something that is inherent in our daily habits, one of which is shopping habits. In addition to shopping for fashion products by visiting offline stores directly, consumers are also given the opportunity to purchase fashion products online whenever and wherever they are. This study aims to determine the effect of consumer demographic characteristics on their preferences for shopping fashion products offline or online. Data collection is carried out by distributing questionnaires online through whatsapp and telegram groups during June-July 2021, which resulted in 162 responses. Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests are used to test the hypothesis. The results prove that there are insignificant results between consumer demographic characteristics and preferred shopping method. Furthermore, research data also shows that more than half of the respondents still prefer to shop for fashion products offline rather than online although in the Covid-19 pandemic situation because they want to evaluate the product physically.

Transformational leadership is one type of leadership that is currently being discussed. This type of leadership is considered to be able to encourage voice behavior from members of an organization to produce useful opinions to create change for the better future for the organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of transformational leadership on member voice behavior in Walubi Pematangsiantar. The research population are all members (30 people) of Walubi Pematangsiantar. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis method used in this reasearch is simple regression analysis, correlation analysis, and hypothesis test (t test). The result showed that there was a positive effect between transformational leadership and voice behavior at Walubi at Pematangsiantar City. Hypothesis test result showed that transformational leadership had positive and significant effect to voice behavior. Suggestions for further research to increase the number of samples and organizations, and also increasing research variables so that new inputs that are more useful can be found, especially regarding the latest leadership issues. This study tries to make a Buddhist organization as an organization that is minority in Indonesia, and also not profit-oriented into an object of research that is rarely studied by scholars. The author also uses transformational leadership combined with voice habits as a research variable which is expected to be able to find a new finding that is effective in developing a non-profit organizations.