Ice ice disease can attacks the seaweed group of karaginofit especially Kappaphycusalvarezii which affects discoloration on tallus, decreases carragenan quality, and makes the production of seaweed is low. Thus, ice ice disease must be controled by prevention method to increase the yield quality through detection and identification of this disease. The aims of this research to explore the ice ice causedbacteria diversity in K. alvarezii based on the depth-stratification in order to determine the best depth of seaweed cultivation to avoid ice ice infection. Isolationof the bacteria from K.alvarezii cultivation area carried with terraced dilutionand spread method. The data will be analyzed descriptively. The result of this research was known that the bacteria caused ice-ice disease was found in depth 20 meter. This bacteria had caragenase activity and selulase enzyme to attack K. Alvarezzi thallus.

<p>Fossil  fuel  is  commercial  energy  sources  in  many  communities  where  their abundance  progressively  reduced  and  the  resulting  environmental  pollution.  Biodiesel  is one alternative fuel made  from vegetable  which oils are suitable to replace the function of fossil fuels and environmentally friendly. Synthesis of biodiesel from  cotton  seeds oil  was carried  out  by  chemically  ransesterification  process.  Composition  of  methyl  esters  in biodiesel  thatwas  analyzed  by  GC-MS  are  methyl palmitate  (16.71%),  methyl  8,11-octadecadienoic (46.45 %) and  methyl linoleate (4.21  %).The highest amount of  biodiesel conversion  isat  ratio of oil and  methanol (1:1)  with  the catalyst 1% (weight  of oil).  The produced biodiesel was 93.7  %.  Chemical properties of  the produced  biodiesel meets the standard SNI 04-7182-2006 i.e.  saponification value of  120.167    mg KOH / g, acid value of 0.28 mg KOH / g and iod value 55.84g iod/100g of sample.</p>

A. IntroductionBaluran National Park is located at the eastern end of the island of Java to the north bounded by the Madura Strait, east by the Bali Strait and south to west bordered by Pandean Hamlet, Wonorejo Village, Bajulmati River, Klokeren River, Karangtekok River and Sumberwaru Village. Geographically this Baluran National Park is located between 70 29'10 "to 7 055'55" LS and 1140 29'20 "to 1140 39'10" East Longitude. Baluran National Park has the potential for high biodiversity in flora, fauna, and the ecosystem, including the beauty of its natural panorama (Alikodra, 2002).As a conservation area, Baluran National Park has various types of flora and fauna. Besides, the ecosystem has multiple benefits, both tangible (limited scale utilization) and intangible (clean air and natural scenery) (Molles, 2014). Both of these benefits are in the same space and time. We need a form of policy that can regulate the allocation of resources concerning meeting community needs while still paying attention to the environment's carrying capacity and socioeconomic aspects of the surrounding community.Birds are an essential component in the food chain cycle in an area. Birds play a role in helping the process of spreading seeds, helping to pollinate flowers, and as an indicator of

This research aims to synthesize zeolite-NaY material which is then applied as an adsorbent for methane adsorption. Zeolite-NaY was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and isotherm adsorption-desorption N2 (BET). The characterization results showed that synthesized zeolite-NaY had a diffraction peak with the highest intensity at 2θ = 6° and its morphology showed octahedral crystals. Zeolite-NaY was then applied as an adsorbent for methane adsorption. The methane adsorption test on zeolite-NaY was carried out using the gravimetric method at temperature of 30 °C and pressure of 1 bar. The data was recorded of increasing time every 1 minute until constant. The adsorption test results showed that the methane adsorption capacity on the zeolite-NaY material was 0.436 % wt.

ABSTRAKBahan bakar fosil merupakan sumber energi yang komersial bagi masyarakat yang semakin lama kelimpahannya semakin berkurang dan mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan.Biodiesel merupakan salah satu bahan bakar alternatif yang terbuat dari minyak nabati yang cocok menggantikan fungsi dari bahan bakar fosil serta ramah lingkungan. Telah dilakukan pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak biji kapuk dengan proses transesterifikasi kimiawi. Komposisi metil ester dalam biodiesel dan fragmentasi ionnya dianalisis dengan GC-Msyaitumetil palmitat (16,71 %), metil 8,11-oktadekadienoat (46,45 %), dan metil linoleat (4,21 %).Hasil konversi biodiesel terbesar diperoleh pada rasio minyak : metanol (1:1) dengan katalis 1 % dari berat minyak. Persentase biodiesel yang dihasilkan yaitu sebesar 93,7 %.Sifat kimia biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar SNI 04-7182-2006 meliputi bilangan penyabunan sebesar 120,167 mg KOH/g, bilangan asam sebesar 0,28 mg KOH/gdan bilangan iodium sebesar 55,84 g iod/100g sampel.Kata kunci : biodiesel, kapuk (Ceibapentandra), transesterifikasi kimiawi. ABSTRACTFossil fuel is commercial energy sources in many communities where their abundance progressively reduced and the resulting environmental pollution. Biodiesel is one alternative fuel made from vegetable which oils are suitable to replace the function of fossil fuels and environmentally friendly. Synthesis of biodiesel from cotton seeds oil was carried out by chemically transesterification process. Composition of methyl esters in biodiesel thatwas analyzed by GC-MS are methyl palmitate (16.71%), methyl 8,11-octadecadienoic (46.45 %) and methyl linoleate (4.21 %).The highest amount of biodiesel conversion isat ratio of oil and methanol (1:1) with the catalyst 1% (weight of oil). The produced biodiesel was 93.7 %. Chemical properties of the produced biodiesel meets the standard SNI 04-7182-2006 i.e. saponification value of 120.167 mg KOH / g, acid value of 0.28 mg KOH / g and iod value 55.84g iod/100g of sample.