No abstract

Status gizi merupakan kondisi tubuh yang dinilai sebagai hasil konsumsi makan. Ketidakseimbangan asupan dan penggunaan zat gizi akan menimbulkan masalah gizi. Status gizi dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor salah satunya yaitu pengetahuan gizi. Kurangnya pengetahuan gizi dalam kontribusi masalah gizi yang dialami di awali dengan adanya kebiasaan dan pola makan yang salah. Pengetahuan gizi dapat menjadi dasar dalam memilih dan mengatur pola makan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat gambaran pengetahuan gizi pada mahasiswa gizi di wilayah Kepulauan Riau. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu observasional dengan desain cross sectional pada bulan October – November 2022. Populasi pada penelitian yaitu mahasiswa program studi gizi di wilayah Kepulauan Riau dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 50 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar mahasiswa gizi di Kepulauan Riau memiliki tingkat pengetahuan gizi cukup (42%), kurang (38%), dan baik (20%) sekitar 10 orang. Diharapkan mahasiswa gizi di wilayah Kepulaun Riau dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan terkait gizi dan diimplementasikan ke kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga meningkatkan derajat kesehatan.

Typhoid fever is one of the most serious infectious diseases in Indonesia. Antibiotic resistance is one of the problems associated with the treatment of typhoid fever. Bacteriocin is an antimicrobial substance produced by L. acidophilus. Bacteriocin has bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of bacteriocin from L. acidophilus against Salmonella typhi as antimicroba. The design of this study was laboratory experimental with posttest only control group design using the Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). The bacteria of this study were S. typhi ATCC 6539 and bacteriocin from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 in various pH (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12). The result of observation was carried out by measuring the inhibition zone in each treatment. The result showed bacteriocin from L. acidophilus at pH 2 had an inhibition zone 4.91 ±1.70 mm. Statistical calculation using the One Way Anova test showed that p-value was 0.000 then continued with the Post Hoc Tukey test showed bacteriocin from L. acidophilus at pH 2 inhibited the growth of S. typhi very significant compared to chloramphenicol. L. acidophilus can inhibit the growth of S. typhi and has an optimal pH, which is at pH 2 with a weak category of inhibitory strength. The bacteriocin from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 could not compete with chloramphenicol as the first line drug for typhoid fever.

Indonesia is the country which has the most COVID-19 cases in South East Asia. The COVID-19 pandemic is causing serious psychological, social, and economic impacts particularly on the sub-urban society. This study aimed to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sub-urban society in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study used a hermeneutics phenomenological approach. that enrolled seven participants who reside in the sub-urban area of Yogyakarta province in June 2020. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants through Whatsapp mobile application and analyzed using interpretive phenomenological methods. Results showed that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic can be summarized into three themes. First, the impacts include negative emotions that arise due to psychosomatic symptoms, fear of losing loved ones, stereotypes and anxiety concerning contracting COVID-19 infection; Second, limited social interaction in the community and strict travel restrictions; and third, job and income losses including layoffs from work and fear of not being able to meet family basic needs. The COVID-19 pandemic is causing several serious impacts involving psychological, social, and economic concerns that are disrupting the sub-urban society. Individual coping and family support are needed in the current situation.

Lactic acid bacteria have the ability to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins. They are of great interest to research due to some of the lengthy annals of safe use and the generally considered safe (GRAS) and presumed safety (QPS) status. Bacteriocins are small, hydrophobic, cationic peptides with bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity in various microbes other than the producing strain. The production of bacteriocin depends on its strain and culture optimization. Genes encoding bacteriocin are located in chromosomes or plasmids. This study was carried out to detect the bacteriocin gene in Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 and ATCC 4356. Non-lactic acid bacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum), nuclease-free water, and distilled water are used as the negative control. The DNA extraction was carried out following Agilent Technologies® DNA Extraction Kit with some modifications. Primers used in this study are specific gene primers for acidocin LF221A, and the PCR cycling condition was done based on it. The result of using PCR showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 and ATCC 4356 have acidocin LF221A gene. It proved by electrophoresis analysis that the amplicon showed bands with a size less than 100 bp. The conclusion is that Lactobacillus acidophilus in this study contains gene encoding bacteriocin. Vice versa, non-lactic acid bacteria such as Bifidobacterium bifidum does not carry the bacteriocins gene.