Typhoid fever is one of the most serious infectious diseases in Indonesia. Antibiotic resistance is one of the problems associated with the treatment of typhoid fever. Bacteriocin is an antimicrobial substance produced by L. acidophilus. Bacteriocin has bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of bacteriocin from L. acidophilus against Salmonella typhi as antimicroba. The design of this study was laboratory experimental with posttest only control group design using the Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). The bacteria of this study were S. typhi ATCC 6539 and bacteriocin from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 in various pH (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12). The result of observation was carried out by measuring the inhibition zone in each treatment. The result showed bacteriocin from L. acidophilus at pH 2 had an inhibition zone 4.91 ±1.70 mm. Statistical calculation using the One Way Anova test showed that p-value was 0.000 then continued with the Post Hoc Tukey test showed bacteriocin from L. acidophilus at pH 2 inhibited the growth of S. typhi very significant compared to chloramphenicol. L. acidophilus can inhibit the growth of S. typhi and has an optimal pH, which is at pH 2 with a weak category of inhibitory strength. The bacteriocin from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 could not compete with chloramphenicol as the first line drug for typhoid fever.
Demam tifoid termasuk penyakit infeksi serius di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang sering timbul sehubungan penanganan kasus demam tifoid salah satunya adalah resistensi antibiotik. Resistensi antibiotika menjadi masalah global terutama dalam menangani masalah infeksi. WHO melaporkan Asia Tenggara memiliki angka tertinggi dalam kasus resistensi antibiotik di dunia. Penggunaan antimikroba yang tidak rasional dan berkembangnya resistensi antibiotika membuka ketertarikan untuk menggunakan alternatif antimikroba alami seperti bakteriosin. Bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) menghasilkan zat bakteriosin. Bakteriosin memiliki aktivitas bakterisidal dan bakteriostatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas bakteriosin L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 terhadap pertumbuhan Salmonella typhi secara in vitro sebagai antibiotik dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif. Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah kloramfenikol dan nisin. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan post-test only control group design menggunakan metode difusi agar Kirby-Bauer pada media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Hasilnya didapatkan bakteriosin L.acidophilus ATCC 4356 mampu menghasilkan efek anti mikroba terhadap Salmonella typhi dengan kekuatan sedang, nisin menghasilkan efek anti mikroba terhadap Salmonella typhi dengan kekuatan kuat dan kloramfenikol menghasilkan efek anti mikroba terhadap Salmonella typhi dengan kekuatan sangat kuat. Bakteriosin bekerja dengan cara membentuk pori pada membran sel bakteri yang akan merusak permeabilitas membran sitoplasma target dan menyebabkan kematian sel.
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