Handwashing behavior in Indonesia remains a problem. The cause is associated with a lack of awareness in handwashing with soap. This study aimed to determine the effect of the school community empowerment model on handwashing implementation among elementary school students in Dayeuhkolot Subdistrict, Bandung District. This study used quasi experimental design with pre-test and post-test, and descriptive and inferential analyses. Samples consisted of 24 teachers, 377 students at 4 th -6 th grade and 24 school-children from the little doctors program. The approach method in this study used integrated school health efforts (combined model of fit for school and selected school health effort) consisting of six stages. Instruments were knowledge questionnaires, observations and checklist sheets. Handwashing with soap was evaluated for three months. Results found that the score of little doctors in the good category increased in skill of handwashing with soap from 0% to 100%, the skill among the students who were not little doctors improved in good category from 0% to 87.5%. School community empowerment affects handwashing behavior among elementary school students.Keywords: Elementary school students, empowerment method, handwashing with soap Abstrak Perilaku mencuci tangan dengan sabun di Indonesia masih menjadi masalah. Penyebabnya dikaitkan dengan kurangnya kesadaran dalam mencuci tangan pakai sabun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberdayaan komunitas sekolah terhadap penerapan mencuci tangan di kalangan siswa sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Dayeuhkolot, Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimental dengan pretest dan posttest serta melakukan analisis deskriptif dan inferensial. Sampel terdiri dari 24 guru, 377 siswa di kelas 4-6, dan 24 dokter kecil. Metode pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan usaha kesehatan sekolah terpadu (gabungan model fit for school dan UKS terpilih), yang terdiri dari enam tahap. Instrumen terdiri dari kuesioner pengetahuan, lembar observasi, dan lembar checklist. Cuci tangan pakai sabun dievaluasi selama tiga bulan. Hasil menemukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan skor dalam kategori baik untuk keterampilan cuci tangan pakai sabun dokter kecil dari 0% sampai 100% dan keterampilan mencuci tangan pakai sabun pada siswa meningkat dalam kategori baik dari 0% menjadi 87,5%. Pemberdayaan komunitas sekolah memengaruhi perilaku mencuci tangan di kalangan siswa SD. Solehati et al. Kesmas: National Public Health Journal. 2017; 11 (3): 111-116 DOI:10.21109/kesmas.v11i3.1171 How to Cite: Solehati T, Kosasih CE, Susilawati S, Lukman M, Paryati SPY. Effect of school community empowerment model towards handwashing implementation among elementary school students.

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Demam tifoid termasuk penyakit infeksi serius di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang sering timbul sehubungan penanganan kasus demam tifoid salah satunya adalah resistensi antibiotik. Resistensi antibiotika menjadi masalah global terutama dalam menangani masalah infeksi. WHO melaporkan Asia Tenggara memiliki angka tertinggi dalam kasus resistensi antibiotik di dunia. Penggunaan antimikroba yang tidak rasional dan berkembangnya resistensi antibiotika membuka ketertarikan untuk menggunakan alternatif antimikroba alami seperti bakteriosin. Bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) menghasilkan zat bakteriosin. Bakteriosin memiliki aktivitas bakterisidal dan bakteriostatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas bakteriosin L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 terhadap pertumbuhan Salmonella typhi secara in vitro sebagai antibiotik dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif. Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah kloramfenikol dan nisin. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris dengan post-test only control group design menggunakan metode difusi agar Kirby-Bauer pada media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Hasilnya didapatkan bakteriosin L.acidophilus ATCC 4356 mampu menghasilkan efek anti mikroba terhadap Salmonella typhi dengan kekuatan sedang, nisin menghasilkan efek anti mikroba terhadap Salmonella typhi dengan kekuatan kuat dan kloramfenikol menghasilkan efek anti mikroba terhadap Salmonella typhi dengan kekuatan sangat kuat. Bakteriosin bekerja dengan cara membentuk pori pada membran sel bakteri yang akan merusak permeabilitas membran sitoplasma target dan menyebabkan kematian sel.

Due to harsh environment that must be passed in digestive system, one of important characteristic of lactic acid bacteria is acid tolerance which leads an ability to survive in the gastric. In the current study, rat gastric was used to evaluate a viability and a survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus in soybean based soygurt. Preliminary in vitro study suggested that the growth of L. acidophilus was pH dependent. The soygurt containing 17.8 log10 CFU/mL of L. acidophilus was administered orally to the rats per day. After 7 days consecutive administration, the viability of L. acidophilus in gastric juice of rats was assessed. The protein profile and the presence of lactic acid in the gastric juice were analyzed. The result showed that 9.2 log10 CFU/mL of L. acidophilus was survived to pass in gastric. The pH of the gastric juice was more acidic in the presence of lactic acid after soygurt administration compared to control. The protein profile of juice contained specific protein with molecular mass about 100, 50, 37 kDa and small peptide which probably secreted as bacterial responses against gastric environment. These findings suggested that L. acidophilus in soygurt is viable and survived in gastric environment and this soygurt is qualified as an alternative probiotic for human, especially with lactose intolerance.

Early diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is very important in determining further management. Diagnostic kits are intended as relatively faster, easier, and cheaper diagnostic tools. The objectives of this experimental laboratory study was to prepare a diagnostic kit candidate to detect dengue antibody in human serum using co -agglutination methods by utilizing protein A positive Staphylococcus aureus as a carrier to bind Fc immunoglobulin fractions without altering its ability to bind antigen. To enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic kit, chicken IgY was used as one of the components. Rabbit immunoglobulin chicken anti-IgY was used as an intermediary connection between protein A positive and Staphylococcus aureus with chicken IgY. Solution A contains Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and rabbit immunoglobulin chicken anti-IgY serum while Solution B contains anti-dengue chicken serum and dengue antigen. The laboratory experiments produced a formula of A: B = 1~3: 1~3 (v/v), which was then tested to human serum and compared with IgM and IgG ELISA tests as the gold standard. Data on the results of the test were statistically analyzed using chi - square test. Of the 65 qualified samples used, 47.69% resulted in true positive and 41.54% resulted in true negative. Meanwhile, the remaining samples demonstrated false negative (6.15%), positive predictive value (91.2%) and negative predictive value (87.1%). The sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 90%, respectively, with no significant diffe rences (p>0.05). Therefore, co-agglutination method using S. aureus with protein A positive as a carrier can be proposed as a diagnostic kit candidate to detect human serum dengue antibody to screen dengue hemorrhagic fever cases.