BackgroundTo date, there is a lack of published studies on assessment tools to evaluate the effectiveness of stroke education programs.MethodsThis study developed and validated the Malay language version of the Stroke Knowledge Test research instrument. This study involved translation, validity, and reliability phases. The instrument underwent backward and forward translation of the English version into the Malay language. Nine experts reviewed the content for consistency, clarity, difficulty, and suitability for inclusion. Perceived usefulness and utilization were obtained from experts’ opinions. Later, face validity assessment was conducted with 10 stroke patients to determine appropriateness of sentences and grammar used. A pilot study was conducted with 41 stroke patients to determine the item analysis and reliability of the translated instrument using the Kuder Richardson 20 or Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsThe final Malay version Stroke Knowledge Test included 20 items with good content coverage, acceptable item properties, and positive expert review ratings. Psychometric investigations suggest that Malay version Stroke Knowledge Test had moderate reliability with Kuder Richardson 20 or Cronbach’s alpha of 0.58. Improvement is required for Stroke Knowledge Test items with unacceptable difficulty indices. Overall, the average rating of perceived usefulness and perceived utility of the instruments were both 72.7%, suggesting that reviewers were likely to use the instruments in their facilities.ConclusionsMalay version Stroke Knowledge Test was a valid and reliable tool to assess educational needs and to evaluate stroke knowledge among participants of group-based stroke education programs in Malaysia.

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Level of stroke knowledge among stroke patients determine their immediate response during stroke attack. Thus, this study was to determine the level of stroke knowledge among stroke patients at Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kelantan, Malaysia. A crosssectional survey was carried out among stroke patients admitted to medical and surgical wards of Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II. Stroke patients were selected conveniently and the data was collected within eight months period. The Malay version Stroke Knowledge Test scale with 20 items was used to evaluate knowledge on stroke disease. Overall, there were 178 stroke patients involved in this study. The participants' mean age were 59.07 years old with majority falls between 56 to 65 years old (74.7%). Most of them were female (53.4%), Malays (95.5%) and they had multiple medical morbidities. In terms of stroke knowledge level, 45% answered correctly on 9 items, 35% had misconception on 7 items (35%), while 20% wrongly answered on 4 items. This study highlighted that stroke patients had lack of knowledge towards stroke disease. Therefore, conducting stroke education session in routine prior to hospital discharge is important.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes 70% of all death globally. The prevalence of CKD has shown an increasing trend for the past 20 years in Malaysia. Thus, determining the knowledge and awareness of CKD among healthcare students in preparing them to be a good healthcare provider in the future is important. This study aimed to determine the association between knowledge and awareness about CKD among International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) undergraduate students. A crosssectional study was conducted among 108 students using simple random sampling method. The questionnaire was given to the class representative to be self-administered to interested students. It had close-ended questions consisting of Part A to Part D. The scoring given for correctly answered items was one and the total score for Part C was 7 marks. Most of the students were female (70.4%). The mean knowledge score of CKD was 3.65 (SD = 1.12) with nearly half of the students (43.5%) classified as having poor knowledge. Most respondents were aware about CKD (99.1%) and have heard about it from medical personnel (48.1%) and the Internet (25.9%). Further analysis showed that only courses taken by the respondents were significantly associated with knowledge on CKD (p = 0.039). The level of knowledge among undergraduate students is still poor, yet they are aware about the existence of CKD and its aetiology. Therefore, the health sciences curriculum should

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