Introduction of renewable energy resources especially Solar Photovoltaic (PV) supports the green economy requirements. Solar PV technologies have become the most prominent green energy resources towards Malaysia energy mix by the year 2020. Despite the significant reduction of carbon emission, Solar PV farm requires a huge open area for electricity generation and furthermore, the space under each of the PV arrays are not utilised for any economical activities. This study extents the potentials PV arrays as herbal plots with Orthosiphon Stamineus deposited directly under the array structures without any disturbances to the PV operation. The aims of this work are to conduct sampling tests to determine the yield of crude extraction from the herbs by using the soxhlet extraction method, characterizing the phenolic compound and identifying the potential of bioactive compound from the extracts. Laboratory result shows that the highest crude extraction was 16.992% which is at par with samples from naturally grown locations. The highest Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of extract are recorded at 844.83 GAE/100g by using 70:30 ratio of methanol to water concentration ratio and 720 minutes of extraction time.

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a major concern of oil palm mill because it contributes to numerous pollution such as soil, water and air pollution. In order to maintain a clean environment for a sustainable agricultural system in oil palm plantation, the quality of POME and its level must be monitored to ensure that the requirement set by the country is met. Hence, this paper is written based on the data of POME final discharge into waterways taken from Malaysian Department of Environment in four regions of Perak, Malaysia. The data is compared between regions and relatively different levels of discharge have been produced. Some of the mills produce final POME wastewater above the limit that has been set. The remaining mills discharge the wastewater below the maximum allowed level. This is an indicator that each mill has its own Standard of Procedures in treating POME before being discharged into waterways. It is suggested that the mills take a proactive approach to treat POME beyond the ponding system. POME can be physically processed to produce biofertilizer and biocompost for organic farming. The mills apply phytoremediation techniques in treating POME to reduce the unwanted variables that can affect the sustainability of our environment.

This study reports the effects of Oryza sativa AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN57 (OsABP57) overexpression towards flooding in rice. OsABP57 was previously reported to activate plasma membrane H + -ATPase. Earlier studies address the ability of transgenic OsABP57 overexpression in enduring drought and salinity stresses but none on the flooding. In this study, complete submergence analysis was carried out and several morphophysiological parameters were analyzed such as plant height, root architecture and relative chlorophyll content. Results showed that there are no differences between OsABP57 overexpression rice compared to MR219 control rice in terms of chlorophyll content and plant height after 1-3 weeks of flooding treatments. Root analysis, however, found that transgenic rice OsABP57 produced more adventitious roots compared to MR219 rice under normal condition, which may be due to the role of the gene that encodes for auxin binding protein. The semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on Oryza sativa pyruvate decarboxylase (OsPDC) gene after two weeks of flooding treatment showed an increase of expression in OsABP57 transgenic compared to MR219. Overall, the overexpression of OsABP57 did not show any significant difference in terms of morphophysiological analysis between the transgenic line and MR219, yet, there is an increase of OsPDC gene in the transgenic background which may need further experimental analysis in the future to map the network between auxin and hypoxia core genes.

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