Polymeric nanoparticles are widely used for drug delivery due to their biodegradability property. Among the wide array of polymers, chitosan has received growing interest among researchers. It was widely used as a vehicle in polymeric nanoparticles for drug targeting. This review explored the current research on the antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanoparticles (ChNP) and the impact on the clinical applications. The antimicrobial activities of ChNP were widely reported against bacteria, fungi, yeasts and algae, in both in vivo and in vitro studies. For pharmaceutical applications, ChNP were used as antimicrobial coating for promoting wound healing, preventing infections and combating the rise of infectious disease. Besides, ChNP also exhibited significant inhibitory activities on foodborne microorganisms, particularly on fruits and vegetables. It is noteworthy that ChNP can be also applied to deliver antimicrobial drugs, which further enhance the efficiency and stability of the antimicrobial agent. The present review addresses the potential antimicrobial applications of ChNP from these few aspects.

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This paper presents the propose application of GSM wireless datalogger at Small Hydro Power Generation Station. Normally, renewable energy power generation system requires the application of data acquisition. Data acquisition of power, voltage, current, sedimentation, water flowrate and quantity of water are common data needed to evaluate performance. Thus, influence the planning electrical energy supply to the grid TNB station and provide clarification to ecological events. Intake of Small Hydro Station is located inaccessible area that is 2.07km heights and 3.44km distance by route from powerhouse. There is no active GSM line provider at the area. Therefore, advance communication technologies such as radio frequency device offers new possibilities of efficient data transfering. They are more reliable and cheaper than conventional method. Datalogger DT80M has the ability to send data using GSM line provider from remote area. Route distance is approximately 100km between powerhouse Small Hydro station to Host or Master Station. Power and water flowrate, will be monitor using Labview and save into database server. Random raw data derive into mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis will be use to simulate performance model of density function.

The increased incidence of food spoilage has exacerbated the need to enhance the protection of processed foods. Food packaging incorporated with bioactive components can be exploited to improve the security of food products from microbiological contamination. Thus, this study aimed to generate an alginate-based film loaded with cinnamaldehyde for use in food packaging. Aspergillus niger ATCC 9029 was utilised to assess the biodegradability of the film. The fungal growth on the plate with alginate film was evident after 21 days of incubation period and 29.7% of weight loss was monitored. The mechanical characterisation of the film indicated that the resulting film was sturdy and flexible. In the cinnamaldehyde release test, no burst release was observed. The release was slow and gradual. Out of 8 test microorganisms, only 6 microorganisms were inhibited by the film with cinnamaldehyde during the cross streak test. The growth inhibition test signified that there were 4 Gram-positive bacteria with 100% growth inhibition. The application of the film showed a notable reduction of bacterial load in the cooked rice. Besides, it exhibited 5.0-log suppression of bacterial growth, which relative to control. The results indicated that the alginate film incorporated with cinnamaldehyde could be potentially used as an eco-friendly food packaging material.

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