Urine cytology used for diagnosing high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC), but plagued by low sensitivity and wide inter-observer variability mainly ascribed to the lack of an established template of reporting. We assessed the performance of urine cytology by comparing the Paris System with our current institutional system. This study is developed to identify the prevalence of various cytological categories and their association with a subsequent diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Materials and Methods : A total of seventy four urine cytological specimens were studied which have follow up biopsy with histological correlation was done to categorize: benign, atypical urothelial cells (AUCs), suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC), and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). Original cytological diagnoses were recorded. Results: Males outnumbered females with a mean age of 57.4 years (range 21-86) (46 M and 28 F) with no statistical significance among the age groups and between male and female genders. By applying TPS, number of cases assigned to AUC category are very few (7 cases out of 74 with 9.45. Using the TPS resulted in a higher number of low-grade carcinomas assigned to the benign rather than the AUC category.LGUN category includes all low grade urothelial neoplasms of urinary tract, such as LGUC and PUN of uncertain malignant potential. According to institute diagnosis categories for urine cytology, there were 2 cases shown negatives, 16 cases shown Atypical/suspicious, 21 cases shown LG papillomas, and 35 cases shown HGUC. In negative group; out of 2 cases, 2 cases were papilloma. In HGUC group, out of 35 cases, 27 cases were turned out to be HGUC with 77.14%. In HGUC group, out of 35 cases, 8 cases were turned out to be LGUP with 29.62%. Conclusion:The TPS seems to improve the performance of urine cytology by limiting the AUC category to cases that are more strongly associated with HGUC. This is the first inclusive attempt at standardizing urinary cytology.

Background & Aims: Most commonly assessed Platelet indices include the mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR), and the plateletcrit (PCT). The platelet behavior is often unpredictable and complicated in Iron Deficiency Anemia. High MPV and low PDW were reported in patients with leukemia. The present study aimed to evaluate the significance of platelet parameters in anemia and leukemia cases. Materials & Methods:A cross-sectional and observational case-control study was carried out at a teaching hospital of Andhra Pradesh.We measured the platelet indices using an automated counter. Laboratory data from 200 patients of anemia and leukemias were analysed.Results: Hematological disorders such as anemia in 168 cases and Leukemia in 32 cases were recorded. Platelet parameters specifically platelet count (PC), MPV, PDW, and P-LCR were significantly lowered in acute leukemia patients than them of the control group. In chronic leukemia (both CML & CLL) patients, all the platelet parameters such as mean platelet component (MPC), MPV, PDW, and P-LCR were found to be higher than them of the control group. In the majority of chronic leukemia cases, platelets on PBS were discrete (81%) and hypogranular (55%). Inverse relationship noted between MPV and PC among anemic patients. PC in acute leukemia (both AML & ALL) patients was lower than that of the control group. PDW was significantly lower in acute leukemia patients compared to that in the control group. P-LCR was also found to be significantly lower in the acute leukemia group compared to the control group. The PC was higher and the MPV was lower in the anemic group compared to the control group. Conclusion:In chronic leukemia patients, all the platelet parameters such asPC, MPV, PDW, and P-LCR were found to be significantly higher than them of the control group. PC was higher and the MPV was lower in the anemic group compared to the control group. All the platelet parameters such as MPV, PC, PDW, and P-LCR were significantly lower in acute leukemia patients compared to them in the control group, in contrast with chronic leukemia patients where the parameters were significantly higher compared to them in the control group.