BackgroundAccording to the Global Tuberculosis Report 2015, Indonesia ranked as second country in the world with the highest number of pulmonary tuberculosis cases. By 2015, the number of pulmonary TB new cases in Indonesia has increased to 330.910 cases of 2014 where 324.539 cases. DM is one of the most important factors that influence the occurrence worsening TB. Now is known that DM patients have body's immune response disorder thereby facilitating M. tuberculosis infection and causing TB.MethodThis research is cross sectional design. The sample in this research are adult pulmonary TB patients at General Hospital Grade C period October 1, 2013–March 31, 2016 as much as 225 patients.ResultAFB smear results in patients with type 2 DM with smear 3 + was 14 (17.28%), 2 + was 15 (18.52%), 1 + was 15 (18.52%) and negative (−) was 37 (45.68%). AFB smear results in patients without type 2 DM with smear 3 + was 3 (2.08%), 2 + was 6 (4.17%), 1 + was 19 (13.19%), negative (−) was 112 (77.78%) and have no sputum was 4 (2.78%). Number of adult pulmonary TB patients were 225 patients. Of the 225 patients, found 81 patients with type 2 DM and 144 patients without type 2 DM.ConclusionAFB smear positive found more in adult pulmonary TB patients with type 2 DM compared to TB patient without type 2 DM. It also found statistically significant between type 2 DM with the AFB smear results on adult pulmonary TB patients.

Abstract. Riwidiharso E, Darsono, Setyowati EA, Pratiknyo H, Sudiana E, Santoso S, Yani E, Widhiono I. 2020. Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in scavenging chickens (Gallus domesticus) and their association to body weight. Biodiversitas 21: 3163-3169. Domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) which are traditionally fed by scavenging on farms predispose them to ectoparasites infestation. In this study, a preliminary survey was conducted on the common ectoparasites on G. domesticus in the rural areas of Banyumas. The purposes of this study were to determine the diversity of ectoparasites, their prevalence, and their relationship to the chickens body weight. This research was conducted by the survey method from December 2019 to April 2020 in five villages around the city of Purwokerto, Banyumas District, Central Java, Indonesia viz., Kedungwuluh, Kedungwringin, Kutasari, Karangsalam, and Karanggintung. Data analysis was conducted by Shannon Wiener and Evenness indexes. Analysis of variance was used to calculate the difference in prevalence among sample locations. Regression correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between prevalence and chicken body weight. The results showed that there were six ectoparasite species  i.e., Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus cornutus, Lipeurus caponis, Dermanysus gallinae, Megninia ginglymura, and Haemaphysallis sp. parasitizing G. domesticus. The number of ectoparasite individuals among locations was significantly different (F 5.59 < 32.45; p <0.05). The most number of ectoparasite was found in Karangsalam (272 individuals). The most prevalent ectoparasite was M. cornutus (45%), followed by L. caponis (40%), and the lowest was M. synglineura (25%). Ectoparasite prevalence was associated with chicken weight loss (r = 0.98). The prevalence of ectoparasite of domestic chickens farm in the Banyumas Regency is classified as low but has the potential to influence body weight.

Widhiono I, Pandhani RD, Darsono, Riwidiharso E, Santoso S, Prayoga L. 2017. Short Communication: Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity as bioindicator of agroecosystem health in northern slope of Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1475-1480. This study examined the diversity of ant assemblages in two different agroecosystems (organic and intensive farming) with maize as main crops on the northern slope of Mount Slamet, Indonesia from April to August 2015. The response of ant diversity to the different farming systems was evaluated. In total, 359 ants from 17 species in five subfamilies were collected: 13 species from the organic farm and 10 species from the conventional farm. Seven (41%) species were found only on the organic farm, four (23%) species were found only on the conventional farm, and six (35%) species were found on both. The Morisita-Horn similarity index (33%) showed that the similarity of the species composition in the two habitats was low. More individual ants were found on the organic farm than the intensive farm [287 (79.94%) vs. 72 (20.05%) individuals]. The diversity of the ants was affected by the density of weeds with organic farming. Hypoponera sp. had the highest Indicator Value (50.7), followed by Aphaenogaster sp. (28.9), Diacamma sp. (28.2), and Odontoponera sp. (27.6), however only Odontoponera sp can be used as bioindicator. Although the ant diversity was higher with organic farming than with intensive farming, there was no correlation with soil conditions. As a bioindicator, the Indicator Value reflects agroecosystem health better than does ant diversity.

Abstract. Darsono, Riwidiharso E, Santoso S, Sudiana E, Yani E, Nasution EK, Aprilliana H, Chasanah T. 2020. Insect diversity in various distances to forest edge in small nature reserve: A case study of Bantarbolang Nature Reserve, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4821-4828. A nature reserve is a conservation area with the objective of conserving the biodiversity of the flora and fauna within its boundaries. However, many nature reserves are fragmented into small extent and isolated from natural habitat, causing the so-called edge effect. This research aimed to investigate insect diversity across various distances to forest edge in small and isolated protected areas. Research was conducted in the Bantarbolang Nature Reserve, Pemalang District, Central Java, Indonesia. A survey was conducted to determine the diversity of insects, especially those from the Diptera (flies), Lepidoptera (butterfly), and Hymenoptera (bees and wasp) orders. The environmental parameters recorded were temperature, humidity, and flowering plant diversity and abundance. Line transects were laid at a length of 100 m, parallel to the forest edge at three different distance ranges from the edge: 0-50 m, 50-100 m, and 100-150 m. Species diversity was measured using the Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index, and Sorensen similarity index. Over the 4-month study period, 1713 individual insects from 63 species and from the following three orders were found: Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera; 33 species, 5 families, 932 individuals); Hymenoptera (20 species, 423 individuals) and Diptera (10 species, 7 families, 376 individuals). The highest diversity was found at the edge of the forest and the lowest at the distance of 100-150 m from the forest edge. While the study area can support a diversity of insects, especially pollinating insects, but it is unable to support the conservation of light-sensitive butterflies. The results of this study suggest that small nature reserve can support a diversity of pollinating insects, especially from the Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. However, it has limited conservation potential because of the significant impact of forest edges on species composition, especially on specialist butterfly species with habitat in forest interior.

No abstract