No abstract

No abstract

Research dedicated to entrepreneurship has, from the very beginning, created a gender gap as it was mostly considered to be the masculine one. Studies with the main focus on psychological characteristics of entrepreneurs are mostly based on a comparison with other professionals, rarely approaching gender differences. Using the mixture of general personal and entrepreneurial traits, this study investigates entrepreneurial dilemma and answers the question whether entrepreneurship can or cannot be gendered, using a sample of potential entrepreneurs. Based on the multivariate analysis of variance, this study empirically proves that there are no statistically significant differences between the genders according to any criteria, except for the criterion of worry, which is more pronounced in women than in men. This study offers a good basis for the implementation of the existing models in different areas of entrepreneurship research, extending its understanding from the gender perspective. From the practical point of view, it provides a deeper understanding of entrepreneurial traits that might be critical for designing support and educational programs for enhancing (female) entrepreneurship.

This paper evaluates the relationship between the "golden ratio" and consumer aesthetic preferences, and investigates its possible implementation into market offer. Due to the increasingly diverse offer to which consumers are exposed, each detail of the offer should be in the function to attract consumer's attention. These requirements increase the importance of design. Package design should facilitate the raise of 'usual' products to the level of 'unusual' products. Different forms of frontal sides of packages were created in the proportion of the golden ratio for research purposes. By setting simple geometric shapes, with the absence of colors and other elements which may distract consumer's attraction, a solution was created with the aim to direct the attention to proportional ratio of both the package form and graphical solution, instead of other visual elements. The achievement of "commercial beauty" as simultaneous effect of "aesthetic beauty and economic good" is also important from the aspect of our study. It is about different effects, products, services and relationships in mass consumer culture. This research offers answers to the question of consumer preferences related to package design based on the proportion of the golden ratio.

While searching for the ways of enhancing students' educational effi ciency, the authors set the framework for the issue from two perspectives -educational and emotional, stressing the existence of a strong interdependence between emotional and cognitive ones. Th e focus of study is students' perception of educational processes, the emotional states they demonstrate and their interdependence. For the purpose of this research a battery of questionnaires was constructed and the results have shown that students' emotional states greatly infl uence their perception of educational effi ciency. Based on these results, the recommendation on modifying the management of educational processes is that students' emotional states should not be excluded from the equation of a successful education. Th e factors that shape the emotional context of learning should be taken into account.