SAŽETAKNa uzorku od 176 gimnastičara, analizirane su ocjene studija sa Svjetskog prvenstva u muškoj sportskoj gimnastici, koje se je održalo u Londonu 2009. godine. Predmet analize je kvalitet ocjenjivanja sudija u kvalifikacijama (C I) na osnovu važećeg pravilnika za ocjenjivanje Međunarodne gimnastičke federacije (C I). Problem je bio određivanje razlika ocjena sudija na spravama i između sudija na pojedinim spravama od E1 do E6 sudije. Osnovni cilj rada bio je da se ustanovi pouzdanost ocjenjivanja sudija i da li važeći Pravilnik za ocjenjivanje (Federation Internationale de Gymnastique, 2009b) treba revidirati po pitanju ujednačavanja ocjena na spravama. Razlike su testirane za ocjene komisija D, E i rezultat na svim spravama u višeboju: parteru, konju s hvataljkama, krugovima, preskoku, razboju i vratilu. Preskok ima najveću srednju D i E ocjenu, a konj s hvataljkama najniže srednje D i E ocjene. T-testovi su pokazali da se ove dvije sprave značajno razlikuju od drugih sprava. Pouzdanost je izračunata sa ICR, Kronbah alfa, razlike između ocjena komisije od E1 do E6 su testirane uz pomoć faktorske analize metodom prave glavne komponente. Svi podaci su analizirani uz pomoću statističkoga paketa SPSS 17.0. Rezultati pokazuju vrlo visoku pouzdanost (Kronbah alfa je u rasponu je od 0,94 do 0,98) UVODU sportskoj gimnastici naglasak je na estetskoj komponenti, koja mora biti izvedena u skladu sa konvencionalno određenom strukturom kretanja. Iako se načini ocjenjivanja u pojedinim sportovima međusobno razlikuju: bilo prema broju sudija, postavljenih kriterija ili načina izračunavanja konačnog rezultata, za pojedine sportove kao što su (umjetničko klizanje, skokovi u vodu, sinhrono plivanje, ritmička gimnastika) karakteristično je, da sudije vrednuju kvalitet takmičarevih učinaka na osnovu prikaznih sastava. Svaki takmičar izvede na takmičenju u sportskoj gimnastici svoj takmičarski sastav, koji se ocjenjuje sa dva aspekta: sadržaj i izvođenje vježbe. Danas su na snazi kod ocjenjivanja sportske gimnastike međunarodni takmičarski pravilnici za ocjenjivanje za mušku i žensku sportsku gimnastiku, koji se dopunjuju sa novim elementima i izdaju nakon završenog olimpijskog ciklusa. Muški takmičarski pravilnik za ocjenjivanje je sastavila Muška tehnička komisija Međunarodnog gimnastičkog saveza (FIG).Prve jedinstvene upute FIG za ocjenjivanje gimnastičkih vježbi su nastale 1949. godine pod nazivom "pravila bodovanja". Danas Pravilnik za ocjenjivanje iz sportske gimnastike obuhvata sedam nivoa po stepenu težine. Početni stepen težine predstavlja nivo A, slijedeći nivoi su B, C, D, E, F i G. Posljednji predstavlja najveći stepen težine (Federation Internationale de Gymnastique, 2009b). Osnovna namjena i cilj pravilnika za ocjenjivanje je osiguravanje što objektivnijeg vrednovanja sastava. Na svim spravama nalaze se nezavisni članovi sudijske komisije (D i E komisija): D komisija vrednuje (težine, posebne zahtjeve i bonus bodove) dok ocjenjivanje sudije započinju od 0,00 bodova na više, a E komisija vrednuje izvođenje sasta...

SUMMARYStrength is a motor ability that largely determines the features of a move. In the area of conventional sports, that is the very facet that serves as the basis for its importance, which is corroborated by several studies. In sport dance, it is usually demonstrated in the form of repetitive and explosive strength and in the function of introducing nuances in the dynamics of dance performance. How big the importance of some manifestations of strength for the quality of Latin-American and Ballroom dances performance as sport dance disciplines is, is the topic that this paper deals with. The research included 49 sport dancers of both genders, age 12-15. The results of the research point out to the fact that there are different approaches in validation of the contribution of strength for the quality and performance of Latin-American and Ballroom dance. Namely, strength as a motoric ability has statistically significant effects on the quality of Latin-American performance technique, while in Ballroom dances it does not appear to be statistically significant. The obtained differences in the significance of the contribution in the observed dance disciplines are, for sure, a confirmation of the necessity to have an individual approach in planning and programming of training process, particularly for Ballroom and Latin-American dances.Key Words: strength, influence, sport dance. THE IMPORTANCE OF STRENGTH IN SPORT DANCE PERFORMANCE TECHNIQUE INTORODUCTIONSport dance can be described as a specific blend of art and sport, which enables the dance pair, in an original way, to express true emotions provoked by different types of music and mold it into a harmonic mixture of beautiful moves. The skill to link and harmonize complex dance structures of different dances, in space and time determined by rhythm, creates a certain esthetical impression which makes the dancer an artist, as well as the need to show and prove even better. The quality of a dancer's technique and the artistic performance depends on a wide spectrum of motor abilities. To date researches in sport dances have yielded some interesting information on the valorisation of individual motoric abilities in the area of technical performance of certain dance dis-

The aim of this research is to determine the effects of proprioceptive training on the improvement of agility skills in dance sport fitness conditioning. Proprioceptive training is realized throughout tasks that include the establishing and maintaining various positions on balance boards of different dimensions, working surfaces and platforms. 38 male and female competitive dancers divided into an experimental and control groups. The experimental group took part in a proprioceptive training program over a period of 12 weeks (3 x 30 minutes per week). The control group (at the same time as the experimental) had regular sport dance training. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, agility skills were measured by means of three different agility tests: Side steps, Figure '8' with bending and Agility in the air. Statistically significant differences among the groups in the final measurement (p= .00) generally show a positive effect of the proprioceptive training program on the improvement of agility skills with the experimental group, especially in tests Figure '8' with bending and Side steps. Such findings could encourage the use of proprioceptive training model in daily dance classes due to its potential to improve dancers' agility skills. Therefore, the use of a proprioceptive training model, as an innovative approach in individual and group dance fitness conditioning is recommended.

Background: Women are considered less active than men, and a sedentary lifestyle particularly affects middle-aged women and affects their overall health. Recommending group fitness programs that have a positive effect on women’s overall health is an important strategy of any health policy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how the Zumba Fitness® workout affects healthy inactive women’s respiratory function and body composition. Methods: The research was conducted for eight weeks on a sample of 41 females aged 35 to 45 divided into two groups: experimental (21 subjects: age 38.52 ± 2.29) and control (20 subjects: age 39.45 ± 3.01). They were tested before, four weeks, and eight weeks after the intervention period. The respiratory functions were tested using spirometry and the body composition parameters by the Tanita body analyzer. The experimental group practiced Zumba Fitness® three times per week for 60 min (24 training sessions in total). The control group was not physically active during the intervention period. Results: After the Zumba Fitness® program, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the following respiratory function parameters: forced expiratory volume in the first second (M = 4.02 ± 0.69; MD = 0.65, p = 0.01, ES = 0.14), vital capacity (M = 4.10 ± 0.65: MD = −0.63, p = 0.03, ES = 0.11) and lung age (M = 30.95 ± 10.30; MD = 8.52, p = 0.04, ES = 0.10). The body composition parameters were significantly decreased: body mass (M = 60.09 ± 7.57; MD = 6.32, p = 0.03, ES = 0.11), body mass index (M = 20.44 ± 2.63; MD = 2.61, p = 0.01, ES = 0.13) and fat mass (M = 16.07 ± 4.87; MD = 3.95, p = 0.03, ES = 0.11). Conclusions: The results of the current study suggest that the Zumba Fitness® workout is a beneficial exercise method not only for reducing body parameters but also for improving respiratory function in inactive women.

No abstract