SAŽETAKNa uzorku od 176 gimnastičara, analizirane su ocjene studija sa Svjetskog prvenstva u muškoj sportskoj gimnastici, koje se je održalo u Londonu 2009. godine. Predmet analize je kvalitet ocjenjivanja sudija u kvalifikacijama (C I) na osnovu važećeg pravilnika za ocjenjivanje Međunarodne gimnastičke federacije (C I). Problem je bio određivanje razlika ocjena sudija na spravama i između sudija na pojedinim spravama od E1 do E6 sudije. Osnovni cilj rada bio je da se ustanovi pouzdanost ocjenjivanja sudija i da li važeći Pravilnik za ocjenjivanje (Federation Internationale de Gymnastique, 2009b) treba revidirati po pitanju ujednačavanja ocjena na spravama. Razlike su testirane za ocjene komisija D, E i rezultat na svim spravama u višeboju: parteru, konju s hvataljkama, krugovima, preskoku, razboju i vratilu. Preskok ima najveću srednju D i E ocjenu, a konj s hvataljkama najniže srednje D i E ocjene. T-testovi su pokazali da se ove dvije sprave značajno razlikuju od drugih sprava. Pouzdanost je izračunata sa ICR, Kronbah alfa, razlike između ocjena komisije od E1 do E6 su testirane uz pomoć faktorske analize metodom prave glavne komponente. Svi podaci su analizirani uz pomoću statističkoga paketa SPSS 17.0. Rezultati pokazuju vrlo visoku pouzdanost (Kronbah alfa je u rasponu je od 0,94 do 0,98) UVODU sportskoj gimnastici naglasak je na estetskoj komponenti, koja mora biti izvedena u skladu sa konvencionalno određenom strukturom kretanja. Iako se načini ocjenjivanja u pojedinim sportovima međusobno razlikuju: bilo prema broju sudija, postavljenih kriterija ili načina izračunavanja konačnog rezultata, za pojedine sportove kao što su (umjetničko klizanje, skokovi u vodu, sinhrono plivanje, ritmička gimnastika) karakteristično je, da sudije vrednuju kvalitet takmičarevih učinaka na osnovu prikaznih sastava. Svaki takmičar izvede na takmičenju u sportskoj gimnastici svoj takmičarski sastav, koji se ocjenjuje sa dva aspekta: sadržaj i izvođenje vježbe. Danas su na snazi kod ocjenjivanja sportske gimnastike međunarodni takmičarski pravilnici za ocjenjivanje za mušku i žensku sportsku gimnastiku, koji se dopunjuju sa novim elementima i izdaju nakon završenog olimpijskog ciklusa. Muški takmičarski pravilnik za ocjenjivanje je sastavila Muška tehnička komisija Međunarodnog gimnastičkog saveza (FIG).Prve jedinstvene upute FIG za ocjenjivanje gimnastičkih vježbi su nastale 1949. godine pod nazivom "pravila bodovanja". Danas Pravilnik za ocjenjivanje iz sportske gimnastike obuhvata sedam nivoa po stepenu težine. Početni stepen težine predstavlja nivo A, slijedeći nivoi su B, C, D, E, F i G. Posljednji predstavlja najveći stepen težine (Federation Internationale de Gymnastique, 2009b). Osnovna namjena i cilj pravilnika za ocjenjivanje je osiguravanje što objektivnijeg vrednovanja sastava. Na svim spravama nalaze se nezavisni članovi sudijske komisije (D i E komisija): D komisija vrednuje (težine, posebne zahtjeve i bonus bodove) dok ocjenjivanje sudije započinju od 0,00 bodova na više, a E komisija vrednuje izvođenje sasta...

Purpose Rhythmic (RG) and artistic gymnastics (AG) are very popular female sports. These two disciplines share some common points but, at the same time, they display some relevant differences in terms of physical and technical characteristics. The aim of this study was as follows: (1) to clarify how gymnastic training background over the years could lead to the development and motor learning of the motor skills and (2) to highlight differences of conditional skills achieved by RG and AG athletes. Methods For these aims, 45 athletes were selected, belonging to three balanced groups: promotional (PG, n = 15), RG (n = 15), and AG (n = 15). Participants were tested for joints mobility, balance, explosive strength, speed, and endurance tests. Results Statistical analysis showed a good test–retest reliability of the measurements (ICC > 0.870) and some significant differences between PG, RG, and AG. RG showed higher values in joint mobility tests (coxo-femoral mobility, 166.7 ± 6.3°; sit and reach, 20.5 ± 1.9 cm; and scapulo-humeral mobility, 45.5 ± 4.4 cm) with respect to AG, while AG showed higher values in endurance (1626.7 ± 7.4 m), balance (4.33 ± 1.35 n/60 s), and explosive strength (164.1 ± 11.6 cm) compared to RG (p < 0.05). Conclusion RG and AG seem to be effective in enhancing different and sport-specific physical fitness and conditioning. RG enables, indeed, to develop more joints mobility whereas AG improves more strength, balance, and endurance. However, given the small sample size employed, these results should be replicated by further studies utilizing larger samples.

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Background: Physical inactivity and intensive sports activity have been found to be associated with LBP. The aim of this study is the presents the data about the prevalence of LBP in young adults and its associations with vitality, physical activity and emotions. We also studied the impact of low back pain on daily activity. The study sample presented (n=323) students from the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the chronological age of 21.06 ± 1.93 years. The current study assessed the level of LBP amongst students of Faculty of Sport with the level of physical activity in last six months.

The aim of this study is to determine the differences between the medallists and non-medallists in male and female artistic gymnastics at the Olympic Games from 1996 to 2016. Basic procedures: Data concerning the athletes were obtained from the "Official documents of the International Olympic Committee" which include the athlete's date of birth and date of competing. The total number of analysed OG participants in men's artistic gymnastics amounted to n = 419 and the women's artistic gymnastics was n = 417. Main findings: With men the t test for small independent samples has determined statistically significant differences between medallists and other competitors in 2000 and 2012. Among women no significant statistical differences have been found in all the mentioned variables. Conclusions: The differences between male medallists and non-medallists are manifested through the age of the competitors: 2.57 years in 2000 and 3.57 years in 2012. Compared to other OG a higher level of homogeneity and smaller age difference is noticeable. In difference to men, women had no similar differences within a period of 20 years. In artistic gymnastics in the last couple of years there is a recurring trend of a late specialisation because with each new scoring Code of Points the conditions demanded from the competitors become harder.