Recently, various bioelectronic nose devices based on
human receptors
were developed for mimicking a human olfactory system. However, such
bioelectronic nose devices could operate in an aqueous solution, and
it was often very difficult to detect insoluble gas odorants. Here,
we report a portable bioelectronic nose platform utilizing a receptor
protein-based bioelectronic nose device as a sensor and odorant-binding
protein (OBP) as a transporter for insoluble gas molecules in a solution,
mimicking the functionality of human mucosa. Our bioelectronic nose
platform based on I7 receptor exhibited dose-dependent responses to
octanal gas in real time. Furthermore, the bioelectronic platforms
with OBP exhibited the sensor sensitivity improved by ∼100%
compared with those without OBP. We also demonstrated the detection
of odorant gas from real orange juice and found that the electrical
responses of the devices with OBP were much larger than those without
OBP. Since our bioelectronic nose platform allows us to directly detect
gas-phase odorant molecules including a rather insoluble species,
it could be a powerful tool for versatile applications and basic research
based on a bioelectronic nose.
Nerve agents are organophosphorus toxic chemicals that
can inhibit
acetylcholinesterase, leading to paralysis of the nervous system and
death. Early detection of nerve agents is important for safety issues.
Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is widely used as a simulant of
nerve agents, and many studies have been conducted using DMMP as a
substitute for detecting nerve agents. Despite many studies on sensors
for detecting DMMP, they have limitations in sensitivity and selectivity.
To overcome these limitations, a nickel-decorated reduced graphene
oxide (Ni-rGO) sensor with human olfactory receptor hOR2T7 nanodiscs
was utilized to create a bioelectronic nose platform for DMMP gas
detection. hOR2T7 was produced and reconstituted into nanodiscs for
enhancing the sensor’s stability, especially for detection
in a gas phase. It could detect DMMP gas selectively and repeatedly
at a concentration of 1 ppb. This sensitive and selective bioelectronic
nose can be applied as a practical tool for the detection of gaseous
chemical warfare agents in military and safety fields.
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