RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A randomly selected representative national sample of 1,024 people aged Ͼ15 years was surveyed. Each participant had fasting blood glucose and HbA 1c measured. Subjects with a fasting blood glucose Ͼ5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and Ͻ11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl) or a fasting blood glucose Յ5.0 mmol/l and an HbA 1c Ͼ6.0% and every fifth subject with a fasting blood glucose Յ5.0 mmol/l and a normal HbA 1c had a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A total of 472 individuals had an OGTT based on these criteria. Subjects with a fasting blood glucose Ն11.1 mmol/l and an elevated HbA 1c were diagnosed as having diabetes.RESULTS -The mean age was 41.3 years, and the mean BMI was 32.3 kg/m 2 . The agestandardized prevalence of diabetes was 15.1% (CI 12.5-17.6), 12.2% (8.7-15.8) in men and 17.6% (14.0 -21.1) in women (NS), of which only 2.1% was previously diagnosed. A total of 75% of people with newly diagnosed diabetes had a fasting plasma glucose Ն7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl). The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance was 9.4% (7.3-11.5) and of impaired fasting glycemia 1.6% (0.7-2.6). Undiagnosed diabetes was significantly associated with increasing age, obesity, hypertension, and a family history of diabetes.CONCLUSIONS -The current prevalence of diabetes in Tonga is 15.1%, of which 80% is undiagnosed. A similar survey in 1973 reported a 7.5% diabetes prevalence, indicating a doubling of diabetes over the past 25 years. In addition, lesser degrees of glucose intolerance are common, and much of the community is overweight Diabetes Care 25: 1378 -1383, 2002

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Aim: Good nutrition is vital to a growing child's health and development. It is unclear if New Zealand families are able to afford to provide meals that meet national nutritional guidelines for their children. The aim of the present study was to calculate the cost of meal plans, which include New Zealand European and Tongan food preferences and meet New Zealand national nutrition guidelines for children in three age groups (3-5, 5-10 and 13-14 years) in different regions of Auckland. Methods: Meal plan exemplars from New Zealand national Food and Nutrition Guidelines were used to define both the European plan and the Tongan plan for each age group. Meal ingredient prices were measured in shops in January 2008 within seven randomly chosen, 'most deprived' (decile 10) areas and seven 'least deprived areas' (decile 1) in the Auckland region. Results: The average annual cost of food for one child was, in New Zealand Dollars, $1472 (3-5 year old) to $4411 per year (13-14 year old) from supermarket pricings only. The Tongan adolescent ($3188) and 3-5 year olds' plans ($1665) were cheaper than their European equivalents ($4282, $1759, respectively). No difference was demonstrated between most and least deprived areas (P = 0.91). Large volume options were usually cheaper than small volume options. Conclusion: Providing diets for children that are nutritionally appropriate requires on average 33% of the childrelated component of New Zealand Government provisions for low socioeconomic families in 2007. New Zealand should consider further strategies to make children's meals more affordable for low-income families.

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