The Prevalence of Diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga

Colagiuri, Stephen; Colagiuri, Ruth; Na’ati, Siva; Muimuiheata, Soana; Hussain, Zafirul; Palu, Taniela

doi:10.2337/diacare.25.8.1378

Cited by 75 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This remains today as the highest national diabetes prevalence yet described. Further studies (14)(15)(16) in other Pacific nations by our group and others have confirmed the high prevalence rates.…”

Section: The Epidemiology Of Type 2 Diabetessupporting

confidence: 54%

Epidemiology of Diabetes—Status of a Pandemic and Issues Around Metabolic Surgery

Zimmet

Alberti

2016

Diabetes Care

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The number of people with diabetes worldwide has more than doubled during the past 20 years. One of the most worrying features of this rapid increase is the emergence of type 2 diabetes in children, adolescents, and young adults. Although the role of traditional risk factors for type 2 diabetes, such as genetic, lifestyle, and behavioral risk factors, has been given attention, recent research has focused on identifying the contributions of epigenetic mechanisms and the effect of the intrauterine environment. Epidemiological data predict an inexorable and unsustainable increase in global health expenditure attributable to diabetes, so disease prevention should be given high priority. An integrated approach is needed to prevent type 2 diabetes and must recognize its heterogeneity. Future research needs to be directed at improved understanding of the potential role of determinants, such as the maternal environment and other early life factors, as well as changing trends in global demography, to help shape disease prevention programs. Equally important is a better understanding of the role of metabolic surgery in helping to address the management both of persons with type 2 diabetes and of those persons in the community who are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes, particularly in emerging nations where the diabetes epidemic is in full flight.

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Section: The Epidemiology Of Type 2 Diabetessupporting

confidence: 54%

Epidemiology of Diabetes—Status of a Pandemic and Issues Around Metabolic Surgery

Zimmet

Alberti

2016

Diabetes Care

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“…For this analysis, nine datasets from the DETECT-2 database were selected, which were representative of people from a diverse range of ethnic backgrounds (Northern and Southern Europe, U.S., Indian subcontinent, Asia, Australia, Pacific Islands, and Africa) (2,8,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). For the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), only the subsample of individuals that underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was included (2).…”

Section: Research Design Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Scores for Type 2 Diabetes Can Be Applied in Some Populations but Not All

Vistisen²,

et al. 2006

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OBJECTIVE -Risk scores based on phenotypic characteristics to identify individuals at high risk of having undiagnosed diabetes have been developed in Caucasian populations. The impact of known risk factors on having undiagnosed type 2 diabetes differs between populations from different ethnic origin, and risk scores developed in Caucasians may not be applicable to other ethnic groups. This study evaluated the performance of one risk score in nine populations of diverse ethnic origin.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Data provided by centers from around the world to the DETECT-2 project were used. The database includes population-based surveys with information on at least 500 people without known diabetes having a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. To date, 52 centers have contributed data on 190,000 individuals from 34 countries. In this analysis, nine cross-sectional studies were selected representing diverse ethnic and regional backgrounds. The risk score assessed uses information on age, sex, blood pressure treatment, and BMI.RESULTS -This analysis included 29,758 individuals; 1,805 individuals had undiagnosed diabetes. The performance of the risk score varied widely, with sensitivity, specificity, and percentage needing further testing ranging between 12 and 57%, 72 and 93%, and 2 and 25%, respectively, with the worse performance in non-Caucasian populations. This variation in performance was related to differences in the association between prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and components of the risk score.CONCLUSIONS -A typical risk score developed in Caucasian populations cannot be applied to other populations of diverse ethnic origins. Diabetes Care 29:410 -414, 2006T ype 2 diabetes is a common and serious condition associated with reduced life expectancy and considerable morbidity. Recent estimates suggest that currently 195 million people throughout the world have diabetes, and this will increase to over 330 million by 2025 (1). Approximately 50% of people with diabetes are undiagnosed (2,3). Because type 2 diabetes may remain undetected for several years, at the time of clinical diagnosis, many people have one or more micro-or macrovascular complications (4).Detecting people with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes is important for both public health policy and everyday clinical practice. Because of the rapidly increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (5-8), screening individuals at high risk of having undiagnosed diabetes is recommended in several countries (9 -11). Several questionnaires have been developed to detect this high-risk group (12-17). They all perform equally well, with a sensitivity of 70 -75% and a specificity of 55-70%. Because the majority of risk scores have been developed and validated in Caucasians (12,18), their applicability to populations of different ethnic background and with different risk factor distribution is uncertain.The DETECT-2 project is an international data pooling collaboration specifically addressing issues related to screening for type 2 diabetes, with an emphasis on the imp...

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“…Early diagnosis is therefore of major importance, since normalisation of glycaemia may reduce the risk of these diabetes-related conditions 7 . Unfortunately, several studies in different countries have reported that up to half of all subjects with diabetes are undiagnosed 8,9 . No data for undiagnosed diabetes are available for the Moroccan population.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated risk factors of undiagnosed diabetes among adult Moroccan Sahraoui women

Rguibi

Belahsen

2006

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The goal of the present work was to examine the prevalence and associated risk factors of undiagnosed diabetes among urban Moroccan Sahraoui women. Design and setting: Randomised sample of adult women living in the city of Laayoune in south Morocco who visited public health centres during an immunisation campaign. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides, dietary intake and physical activity were collected. Subjects: Data were obtained on 249 urban women aged 15 years and older, who were not pregnant. Only subjects identified as of Sahraoui origin were eligible for this investigation.Results: The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 5.5% and that of undiagnosed diabetes 6.4%. Diabetes and IFG were more common among older and obese women as well as among women with hypertension or a family history of diabetes. In addition, sucrose intakes were higher in women with diabetes than in those with normal FPG. Also, physical activity estimated as the time spent in walking was negatively associated with FPG. Regression analyses showed an independent association of age, obesity, family history of diabetes and triglycerides with diabetes. Conclusion: The high proportion of unknown diabetes suggests the need for increased diabetes awareness in this population. The data suggest also the involvement of obesity in diabetes and the potential importance of intervention strategies to reduce population adiposity for the prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors.

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The Prevalence of Diabetes in the Kingdom of Tonga

Cited by 75 publications

References 17 publications

Epidemiology of Diabetes—Status of a Pandemic and Issues Around Metabolic Surgery

Epidemiology of Diabetes—Status of a Pandemic and Issues Around Metabolic Surgery

Risk Scores for Type 2 Diabetes Can Be Applied in Some Populations but Not All

Prevalence and associated risk factors of undiagnosed diabetes among adult Moroccan Sahraoui women

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